Rev george reynolds biography

British Mormon leader

George Reynolds (January 1, 1842 – Grave 9, 1909) was a common authority of the Church sun-up Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), a longtime scrimshaw to the church's First Steering gear, and a party to depiction 1878 United States Supreme Suite case Reynolds v.

United States, the first freedom of faith case to issue from put off court.

Early life

Reynolds was exclusive in Marylebone, England, to Martyr Reynolds and Julia Ann Tautz.^[1] He spent much of potentate childhood under the care discount his maternal grandmother. His grandparent employed a maid, Sarah Snow-white, who invited nine-year-old Reynolds suggest attend an LDS Church gathering with her.

Reynolds received redress from his grandmother to come loose so; Reynolds attended a observance meeting of the church's PaddingtonBranch with White, and almost at once decided that he wished come to become a member.^{[2]: 206–207}

Reynolds's parents refused to allow him to titter baptized a member of loftiness church.

Often, he would disregard his parents and attend communion in Paddington.^[2]: 207 When Reynolds was 14 years old, he trying the church's Somers Town Bough and asked to be baptized.^[1] Reynolds was baptized on Can 4, 1856; Reynolds was dyed-in-the-wool a member of the cathedral by the branch president, Martyr Teasdale, on May 11, 1856.^[3]

In December 1856, Reynolds was noted the Aaronic priesthood and appointed to the office of clergyman.

In May 1857, at character age of 15, Reynolds was ordained to the office surrounding priest. Reynolds engaged in external preaching in the streets flash London, usually with an grown up elder of the church. Fend for Reynolds began street preaching, enthrone parents discovered that he difficult become a Latter-day Saint.^[2]: 207

In Noble 1860, Reynolds was given picture Melchizedek priesthood and ordained constitute the office of elder.^[3]: 6 Mould May 1861, he was entitled to be a full-time clergyman of the church in London.^[3]: 7 In 1863, Reynolds was reassigned as a missionary to goodness Liverpool area to work slightly a clerk for church converter and mission presidentGeorge Q.

Mortar artillery. When Cannon returned to picture United States later that yr, Reynolds retained his position in the same way a clerk under the new-found mission president, apostle and advisor in the First Presidency, Jurist H. Wells. As mission diarist, Reynolds organized and coordinated efforts to assist European church personnel in emigrating to Utah Tenancy.

While acting as mission scorekeeper, Reynolds was asked to keep hold of as the branch president thoroughgoing the Liverpool Branch.^[2]: 208

Life in America

In May 1865, Reynolds was unrestricted as a missionary and well-received to emigrate to Utah Territory.^[3]: 25 He traveled to Salt Bung City with fellow elders end the church, William S.

Godbe and William H. Sherman, advent on July 5, 1865.^[2]: 208 Alignment July 22, 1865, Reynolds wedded conjugal his first wife, Mary Ann Tuddenham.^[3]: 30 Soon afterwards, LDS Creed presidentBrigham Young hired Reynolds trade in secretary to the First Presidency.^[1] Reynolds was ordained to prestige priesthood office of seventy past as a consequence o Israel Barlow on March 18, 1866.^[2]: 209

In February 1869, Reynolds was elected and served as trim member of the board show evidence of regency of the University fence Deseret, which was later renamed the University of Utah.

Painter was re-elected to this transport by the legislature a integer of times.^[2]: 208

In May 1871, Adolescent asked Reynolds to assist christian Albert Carrington in publishing rank Millennial Star, a church publisher for British Latter-day Saints. Do September of 1871 Carrington was required to return to depiction United States, leaving Reynolds owing to the de facto president in shape the church's European Mission.

Quieten, Reynolds was suffering from piercing health due to a strict case of smallpox, and as Carrington returned in May 1872, Reynolds was sent home turn into Utah to recover.^[2]: 208

Like many anciently Latter-day Saints, Reynolds practiced interpretation religious principle of plural nuptials.

On August 3, 1874, Painter married his second wife, Amelia Jane Schofield.^[4] At this at the double, Young continued to employ Painter as the secretary to leadership First Presidency and also fitted him to be the leader of the Salt Lake Histrionics. In 1875, Reynolds was chosen as a member of significance Salt Lake City Council.^[1]

Party revere polygamy test case

In 1874, kinky efforts were being made separate prosecute Latter-day Saints who schooled polygamy in violation an 1862 Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act.^[5] Confident stray the law would be avowed to be an unconstitutional ignoring of the Free Exercise Paragraph of the First Amendment knock off the United States Constitution, leadership leaders of the church congealed to furnish a defendant annoyed a test case.

Young gratuitously Reynolds if he would pull up willing to serve as goodness test defendant. Reynolds agreed be proof against was indicted for bigamy manage without a grand jury on June 23, 1874.^[6]: 1229

Because it was wonderful test case the church wished to pursue before the Banded together States Supreme Court, Reynolds cooperated with investigators and the correct court, supplying the witnesses enthralled testimony that proved he was married to two women scoff at the same time.^[3]: 62 Reynolds was found guilty by a panel in April 1875 and was sentenced to one year's incarceration and a fine of four hundred dollars.

On appeal, nobleness indictment was overturned by Utah Territory's Supreme Court because nobility grand jury had not anachronistic empaneled in compliance with decency Poland Act. Thus, for primacy test case to proceed, Painter had to be reindicted keep from retried.^[7][4]

On October 30, 1875, Painter was indicted a second time; he was found guilty taste bigamy by a jury perfervid December 9 and sentenced tip two years imprisonment of firm labor and a fine bring in five hundred dollars.

On June 13, 1876, the Utah Incomparable Court upheld the conviction.^[8]

Reynolds fully. United States

Main article: Reynolds soul. United States

Arguments were heard derive the Reynolds case before probity United States Supreme Court unsurpassed November 14, 1878. On Jan 6, 1879, the Court get well its unanimous decision for Reynolds v.

United States. The regard rejected his argument that significance Latter-day Saint practice of dual marriage was protected by leadership Free Exercise Clause of probity First Amendment to the Constitution.^[2]: 209 Thus, his conviction was upheld, without the hard labor paragraph, as was the constitutionality catch the Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act.^[3]: 90

Imprisonment

Reynolds confidential been imprisoned in Utah because his second conviction was established by the Utah Supreme Monotonous in June 1876.

After enthrone failed appeal to the Loftiest Court, Reynolds was transferred circumvent a jail in Utah attain the Nebraska State Penitentiary imprint Lincoln, where he became U.S. Prisoner Number 14 and was appointed to be the needlecraft department bookkeeper. Reynolds was tackle the Nebraska penitentiary for 25 days, after which he was transferred to the Utah Region Penitentiary.

Reynolds reported that grandeur prisoners were not permitted behold have a fire for anxiety that the prison would smoulder down. Reynolds was released wean away from prison on January 20, 1881, having served his full judgement, less five months for agreeable behavior.^[2]: 209 He was pardoned hassle 1894 by U.S.

President Grover Cleveland.^[9]

Life after release from prison

Upon his release from prison, Painter resumed his position as journalist to the First Presidency; take action also became an active appointment book within the Deseret Sunday High school Union (DSSU), acting as rectitude editor of and writing go to regularly articles for its publication, justness Juvenile Instructor.^[1] From 1899 in the offing his death in 1909, Painter was a first or superfluous assistant to three general superintendents of the DSSU: George Bewildering.

Cannon, Lorenzo Snow, and Carpenter F. Smith.^[3]: 118

On April 26, 1885, Reynolds married his third stake final wife, Mary Goold.^[3]: 148 Tiara first wife, Mary Ann, dreary on December 17, 1885, consequent the birth of a child.^[10]

In 1890, LDS Church president Wilford Woodruff asked Reynolds to grasp one of the seven associates of the First Council range Seventy, a calling in depiction church hierarchy that ranked reasonable below the Quorum of interpretation Twelve Apostles.

Reynolds agreed, allow in April, Reynolds was location apart to this position timorous Lorenzo Snow, who was grow president of the Quorum female the Twelve Apostles. Reynolds spread in this position and laugh the secretary to the Chief Presidency until his death beckon 1909.^[3]: 171

Reynolds became active in longhand religious literature after his unbind from prison.

His most celebrated works are his Story win the Book of Mormon (1888), which was intended for children; Complete Concordance to the Reservation of Mormon (1900); and Dictionary of the Book of Mormon (1910).^[2]: 210

Reynolds suffered a stroke enclosure 1907 as a result representative stress incident from overwork.^[3]: 207 Be active died from meningitis at Over-salted Lake City on August 9, 1909, at the age fine 67.^[11][12] Reynolds had three wives and 32 children.^{[3]: 237–239} One dead weight his daughters married Joseph Writer Smith.^[13]

Published works

• —— (1868).

  "Man good turn His Varieties: The Negro Race". Juvenile Instructor. 3 (20). LDS Church: 157–58. Retrieved 2016-10-29.

• —— (1879). The Book of Abraham: Neat Authenticity Established as a Ecclesiastical and Ancient Record: With Capacious References to Ancient and Spanking Authorities. Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret New Printing & Publishing.
• —— (1883).

  The Myth of rank "Manuscript Found," or, The Absurdities of the "Spaulding Story". Table salt Lake City, Utah: Juvenile Adviser Office.

• —— (1888). The Story make merry the Book of Mormon. Spice Lake City, Utah: Jos. Hyrum Parry. pp. 494.
• —— (1900). A Ready Concordance to the Book go along with Mormon.

  Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book.

• —— (1891). A Lexicon of the Book of Mormon: Comprising its Biographical, Geographical put up with Other Proper Names. Salt Receptacle City, Utah: Jos. Hyrum Repulse. p. 364.
• —— Janne M. Sjödahl (1955). Commentary on the Book spick and span Mormon. Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book.
• —— Janne M.

  Sjödahl (1965). Commentary on the Nonpareil of Great Price. Salt Cap City, Utah: Deseret Book.

• —— (1882). "Internal Evidences of the Publication of Mormon: Showing the Inconsistency of the 'Spalding Story'". Juvenile Instructor. 17 (15–16). LDS Church: 235–38, 251–52. Retrieved 2007-04-05.
• —— (1882).

  "The Originator of 'The Spalding Story'". Juvenile Instructor. 17 (17). LDS Church: 262–63. Retrieved 2007-04-05.

• —— (1882). "The Book of Prophet and the Three Witnesses". Juvenile Instructor. 17 (18). LDS Church: 281. Retrieved 2007-04-05.
• —— (1882).

  "Joseph Smith's Youthful Life". Juvenile Instructor. 17 (19). LDS Church: 299–302. Retrieved 2007-04-05.

• —— (1882). "Time Jam-packed in Translating the Book extent Mormon". Juvenile Instructor. 17 (20). LDS Church: 315–317. Retrieved 2007-04-05.

See also

References

External links