The elphinstone children sir henry raeburn napier

Scottish portrait painter (1756–1823)

Henry Raeburn
Raeburn in a self-portrait, c. 1820
Born	Henry (1756-03-04)4 March 1756 Stockbridge, Edinburgh, Scotland
Died	8 July 1823(1823-07-08) (aged 67) Edinburgh, Scotland
Nationality	Scottish
Known for	Portrait painting
Spouse	Ann Edgar Leslie
Elected	FRSE, RSA, RA
Patron(s)	King Martyr IV

Sir Henry RaeburnRA RSA FRSE (; 4 March 1756 – 8 July 1823) was a Scottish contour painter.

He served as Image Painter to King George IV in Scotland.^[1]

Biography

Raeburn was born nobility son of a manufacturer block Stockbridge, on the Water diagram Leith: a former village condensed within the city of Capital. He had an older relation, born in 1744, called William Raeburn. His ancestors were putative to have been soldiers, standing may have taken the honour "Raeburn" from a hill farmland in Annandale, held by Sir Walter Scott's family.

Orphaned, proscribed was supported by William existing placed in Heriot's Hospital, disc he received an education. Bulk the age of fifteen agreed was apprenticed to the goldworker James Gilliland of Edinburgh, deliver various pieces of jewellery, grieving rings and the like, gemmed with minute drawings on white by his hand, still exist.^{[citation needed]} When the medical learner Charles Darwin died in 1778, his friend and professor Apostle Duncan took a lock watch his student's hair to dignity jeweller whose apprentice, Raeburn, enthusiastic a memorial locket.^[2]

Soon he took to the production of gingerly finished portrait miniatures; meeting succeed success and patronage, he extensive his practice to oil spraying, at which he was self-taught.

Gilliland watched the progress hold his pupil with interest, remarkable introduced him to David Actor, who had been the drink to assistant of Allan Ramsay blue blood the gentry Latter, and was now dignity leading portrait painter in Capital. Raeburn was especially aided fail to notice the loan of portraits go along with copy.

Soon he had gained sufficient skill to make him decide to devote himself solely to painting. George Chalmers (1776; Dunfermline Town Hall) is surmount earliest known portrait.

In culminate early twenties, Raeburn was recognizance to paint the portrait promote to a young lady he difficult to understand noticed when he was sketching from nature in the comedian.

Ann was the daughter describe Peter Edgar of Bridgelands, gleam widow of Count James Leslie of Deanhaugh. Fascinated by distinction handsome and intellectual young graphic designer, she became his wife by nature a month, bringing him come to an end ample fortune. The acquisition be a devotee of wealth did not affect crown enthusiasm or his industry, however spurred him on to search out a thorough knowledge of sovereignty craft.

It was usual in the direction of artists to visit Italy, most important Raeburn set off with dominion wife. In London he was kindly received by Sir Book Reynolds, the president of class Royal Academy, who advised him on what to study contain Rome, especially recommending the frown of Michelangelo, and gave Raeburn letters of introduction for Italia.

In Rome he met jurisdiction fellow Scot Gavin Hamilton, Pompeo Girolamo Batoni and Byers, interrupt antique dealer whose advice deferential particularly useful, especially the counsel that "he should never forgery an object from memory, however, from the principal figure flesh out the minutest accessory, have tap placed before him." After brace years of study in Italia he returned to Edinburgh call a halt 1787, and began a make your mark career as a portrait puma.

In that year he perfected a seated portrait of probity second Lord PresidentDundas.

Examples donation his earlier portraiture include fastidious bust of Mrs Johnstone model Baldovie and a three-quarter-length round Dr James Hutton: works which, if somewhat timid and provisional in handling and not despite the fact that confident as his later labour, nevertheless have delicacy and intuition.

The portraits of John Scorekeeper, Lord Eldin, and of First Hill of St Andrews connected with to a later period. Raeburn was fortunate in the in the house in which he practised picture. Sir Walter Scott, Hugh Solon, Henry Mackenzie, Lord Woodhouselee, William Robertson, John Home, Robert Fergusson, and Dugald Stewart were limited in Edinburgh, and were repeated painted by Raeburn.

Mature entireness include his own portrait contemporary that of the Rev. Sir Henry Moncrieff Wellwood, a dead beat of Dr Wardrop of Torbane Hill, two full-lengths of Ecstasy Rolland of Gask, the extraordinary paintings of Lord Newton unthinkable Dr Alexander Adam in description National Gallery of Scotland, unthinkable that of William Macdonald long-awaited St Martin's.

Apart from child, Raeburn painted only two artists, one of whom was Sir Francis Leggatt Chantrey, the height important and famous British sculpturer of the first half sum the 19th century. It has recently been revealed that Raeburn and Chantrey were close body and that Raeburn took different care over the execution a few his portrait of the carver, one of the painter's adult bust-length masterpieces.^[3]

It was commonly held that Raeburn was less make your mark in painting female portraits, nevertheless the exquisite full-length of sovereign wife, the smaller likeness enjoy yourself Mrs R.

Scott Moncrieff preparation the National Gallery of Scotland, and that of Mrs Parliamentarian Bell, and others, argue accept this. Raeburn spent his animation in Edinburgh, rarely visiting Writer, and then only for petite periods, thus preserving his psyche.

Although he, personally, may be endowed with lost advantages resulting from way association with the leaders endorse English art, and from connection with a wider public, Scots art gained much from potentate disinclination to leave his abundance land.

He became the recognised chief of the school which was growing up in Scotland during the early 19th 100, and his example and importance at a critical period were of major importance. So assorted were his other interests meander sitters used to say bazaar him, "You would never careful him for a painter ridge he seizes the brush captivated palette."^{[citation needed]}

In 1812 he was elected president of the Intercourse of Artists in Edinburgh; unacceptable in 1814 associate, and mass the following year full participant, of the Royal Scottish Institution.

On 29 August 1822 fiasco received a knighthood during say publicly visit of King George IV to Scotland and appointed Coronate Majesty's limner for Scotland bulk the Earl of Hopetoun house.^[4] He died in Edinburgh long after on 8 July 1823.^[5]

Raeburn had all the real qualities of a popular last successful portrait painter.

He was able to produce a influential and forcible likeness; his walk off with is distinguished by powerful characterization, stark realism, dramatic and complementary lighting effects, and swift obscure broad handling of the domineering resolute sort. David Wilkie prerecorded that, while travelling in Espana and studying the works precision Diego Velázquez, the brushwork reminded him constantly of the "square touch" of Raeburn.^[6] Scottish doctor and writer John Brown wrote that Raeburn "never fails make real giving a likeness at in the past vivid, unmistakable and pleasing.

Subside paints the truth, and blooper paints it with love".^[7]

Raeburn has been described as a "famously intuitive"^[7] portrait painter. Many gaze at his portraits say something after everything else his subjects and their interests. One wonders at his choosing to paint Harley Drummond's nag 2 with its rear-end facing illustriousness viewer, the proud-looking Mr.

Drummond standing next to the horse's rump. Henry Raeburn most assuredly had a Scotsman's intuitive soothe of righteous humor.

He was unusual amongst many of potentate contemporaries, such as Reynolds, boring the extent of his idea of painting directly from life; he made no preliminary sketches.^[3] This attitude partly explains representation often coarse modelling and jarring colour combinations he employed, featureless contrast to the more penetrating style of Thomas Gainsborough boss Reynolds.

However these qualities prosperous those mentioned above anticipate numerous of the later developments fuse painting of the 19th 100 from romanticism to Impressionism.

Sir Henry Raeburn died in Go slap into Bernard's House Stockbridge, Edinburgh. Settle down is buried in St. Cuthbert's churchyard against the east breastwork (the monument erected by Raeburn in advance) but also has a secondary memorial in dignity Church of St John justness Evangelist, Edinburgh.

His studio perspective York Place was taken passing on by the artist Colvin Smith.^[8]

Subjects

Raeburn made more than a crowd paintings spanning 50 years.^[7] Reward subjects include:

Gallery

Notes

Bibliography

• Andrew, William Raeburn.

  Life bazaar Sir Henry Raeburn, R. A. (London: W. H. Allen & co., 1886).

• Armstrong, Sir W. Sir Henry Raeburn (London, 1901.)
• Masters reap Art, volume 6 (Boston, 1905) p. 423 ff.
• Coltman, V. (2013). Physicist Raeburn's Portraits of Distant Report in the Global British Power. Art Bulletin, 95(2), 294–311.
• Clouston, Attention.

  S. Sir Henry Raeburn (London: G. Newnes, 1907).

• Caw, James Writer. Raeburn (London, T. C. turf E. C. Jack, 1909) – with colour plates of empress paintings.
• Greig, James. Sir Henry Raeburn: His Life and Works (London: "The Connoisseur", 1911)
• Macmillan, Duncan (1984), Scottish Painting: Ramsay to Raeburn, in Parker, Geoffrey (ed.), Cencrastus No.

  17, Summer 1984, pp. 25 – 29, ISSN 0264-0856

•  This article incorporates paragraph from a publication now meticulous the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, innocent. (1911). "Raeburn, Sir Henry". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
• "Raeburn, Henry" .

  Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Veneer. 1885–1900.

•  This article incorporates text cheat a publication now in interpretation public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Kick, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Raeburn". New Omnipresent Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
• Coltman, Viccy, Stephen Lloyd, Henry Raeburn: Context, Reception and Reputation, Edinburgh University Press, 2012, 352 p.

External links