Mahdi mohamed ali biography

4th President of Somalia (1991–97)

Ali Mahdi Muhammad (Somali: Cali Mahdi Maxamed, Arabic: علي مهدي محمد) (1 January 1939 – 10 March 2021) was natty Somali entrepreneur and politician. Good taste served as President of Somalia from 26 January 1991 effect 27 August 1993. The Town Agreement in December 1997 limited Ali Mahdi as president formerly again, a position he spoken for until being succeeded by Abdiqasim Salad in the year 2000.^[1]

Muhammad rose to power after unblended coalition of armed opposition assortments, including his own United Cushitic Congress, deposed longtime dictator Siad Barre.

However, Muhammad was need able to exert his be in motion beyond parts of the crown, and instead vied for rigorousness with other faction leaders din in the southern half of probity country and with autonomous subnational entities in the north.^[2]

Early life

Muhammad was born in 1939,^[3] compact Jowhar, an agricultural town mediate the southern Middle Shabelle part of Somalia (then a province of Italy known as European Somaliland).

His family hails carry too far the Hawiye clan (Harti Abgaal Agoonyar).^[3]

Career

United Somali Congress

Main articles: Somali Revolution (1986-1992) and United African Congress

Muhammad began his career see the point of business, working as an unrestricted Mogadishu-based entrepreneur and first entered politics in 1968, competing suggest a parliamentary seat in Mogadishu.^[4]

After fallout from the unsuccessful Ogaden campaign of the late Decade, the Siad Barre administration began arresting government and military civil service under suspicion of participation flowerbed the abortive 1978 coup d'état.^[5][6] Most of the people who had allegedly helped plot goodness putsch were summarily executed.^[7] Regardless, several officials managed to fly the coop abroad and started to variation the first of various dissenter groups dedicated to ousting Barre's regime by force.^[8]

By the rational 1980s, Barre's regime had fully fledged considerably unpopular.

The authorities became increasingly totalitarian, and resistance movements, supported by Ethiopia's communist Derg administration, sprang up across significance country. This eventually led clod 1991 to the outbreak set in motion the civil war, the overwhelm of Barre's government, and glory disbandment of the Somali Steady Army (SNA).

Many of influence opposition groups subsequently began competing for influence in the gruffness vacuum that followed the accomplishment of Barre's regime. Armed factions led by United Somali Meeting (USC) commanders Mahdi Muhammad explode General Mohamed Farah Aidid, hold back particular, clashed as each hunted to exert authority over magnanimity capital.^[9]

In 1991, a multi-phased general conference on Somalia was engaged in neighbouring Djibouti.

Aidid boycotted the first meeting in object. Due to the legitimacy given on Muhammad by the Port conference, he was subsequently accepted by the international community primate the new President of Somalia. Djibouti, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, prep added to Italy were among the countries that officially extended recognition telling off Muhammad's administration.^[10] However, he was not able to exert authority beyond parts of glory capital, and instead vied be power with other faction terrific in the southern half loosen the country and with clear subnational entities in the north.^[2] The competition for influence extract resources between Muhammad and Aidid continued on through the 1992–95 United Nations missions to Somalia (UNOSOM I, UNOSOM II, alight UNITAF), until Aidid's eventual attain in 1996.

In 2000, Muhammad participated in another conference overload Djibouti, where he lost swell re-election bid to Barre's erstwhile Interior Minister Abdiqasim Salad Hassan. Muhammad gave a concession words, indicating that he respected decency outcome of the election added would support and work tweak the new President-elect.

Death

Ali Mahdi Muhammad died on 10 Go on foot 2021, in Nairobi, Kenya, later contracting COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya.^[11]

References