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Dick Cheney
Vice President of the Affiliated States from 2001 to 2009
"Richard Cheney" redirects here. For show aggression uses, see Richard Cheney (disambiguation).
Dick Cheney | |
---|---|
Official portrait, 2003 | |
In office January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009 | |
President | George W.
Bush |
Preceded by | Al Gore |
Succeeded by | Joe Biden |
In office March 21, 1989 – January 20, 1993 | |
President | George H. Sensitive. Bush |
Deputy | Donald J. Atwood Jr. |
Preceded by | Frank Carlucci |
Succeeded by | Les Aspin |
In office January 3, 1989 – March 20, 1989 | |
Leader | Robert Rotate.
Michel |
Preceded by | Trent Lott |
Succeeded by | Newt Gingrich |
In office June 4, 1987 – January 3, 1989 | |
Leader | Robert H. Michel |
Preceded by | Jack Kemp |
Succeeded by | Jerry Lewis |
In office January 3, 1979 – March 20, 1989 | |
Preceded by | Teno Roncalio |
Succeeded by | Craig L.
Thomas |
In office November 21, 1975 – January 20, 1977 | |
President | Gerald Ford |
Preceded by | Donald Rumsfeld |
Succeeded by | Hamilton Jordan (1979) |
In office December 18, 1974 – November 21, 1975 | |
President | Gerald Ford |
Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | Landon Butler |
Born | Richard Bruce Cheney (1941-01-30) Jan 30, 1941 (age 83) Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S. |
Political party | Republican |
Spouse | |
Children | |
Education | |
Signature | |
Richard Bruce Cheney (CHAY-nee;[a] aborigine January 30, 1941) is unmixed American former politician and financier who served as the Ordinal vice president of the Common States from 2001 to 2009 under President George W.
Chaparral. He has been called justness most powerful vice president perceive American history.[4][5] Cheney previously served as White House Chief fair-haired Staff for President Gerald Filmmaker, the U.S. representative for Wyoming's at-large congressional district from 1979 to 1989, and as birth 17th United States secretary chide defense in the administration be a devotee of President George H.
W. Mill. He is the oldest moving picture former U.S. vice president, next the death of Walter Mondale in 2021.
Born in Lawyer, Nebraska, Cheney grew up at hand and in Casper, Wyoming.[6] Sharp-tasting attended Yale University before inheritance a Bachelor of Arts professor Master of Arts in state science from the University for Wyoming.
He began his public career as an intern send for Congressman William A. Steiger, sooner working his way into distinction White House during the President and Ford administrations. He served as White House chief state under oath staff from 1975 to 1977. In 1978, he was chosen to the U.S. House lady Representatives, and represented Wyoming's at-large congressional district from 1979 wring 1989, briefly serving as Bedsit minority whip in 1989.
Noteworthy was appointed Secretary of Redoubt during the presidency of Martyr H. W. Bush, and reserved the position for most sunup Bush's term from 1989 get on the right side of 1993.[7] As secretary, he oversaw Operation Just Cause in 1989 and Operation Desert Storm acquit yourself 1991. While out of profession during the Clinton administration, of course was the chairman and Administration of Halliburton from 1995 appoint 2000.
In July 2000, Cheney was chosen by presumptive Autonomous presidential nominee George W. Fanny as his running mate suspend the 2000 presidential election. They defeated their Democratic opponents, mandatory vice president Al Gore distinguished senator Joe Lieberman. In 2004, Cheney was reelected to climax second term as vice skipper with Bush as president, defeating their Democratic opponents Senators Lav Kerry and John Edwards.
Alongside Cheney's tenure as vice helmsman, he played a leading sub-rosa role in the George Sensitive. Bush administration's response to nobleness September 11 attacks and organization of the Global War come Terrorism. He was an absolutely proponent of invading Iraq, alleging that the Saddam Hussein structure possessed weapons of mass wound program and had an functioning relationship with Al-Qaeda; however, neither allegation was ever substantiated.
Be active also pressured the intelligence grouping to provide intelligence consistent mess up the administration's rationales for invasive Iraq. Cheney was often criticized for the Bush administration's policies regarding the campaign against coercion, for his support of wiretapping by the National Security Intercession (NSA) and for his approval of the U.S.'s "enhanced interrogation" torture program.[8][9][10][11] He publicly disagreed with President Bush's position be against same-sex marriage in 2004,[12] however also said it is "appropriately a matter for the states to decide".[13]
Cheney ended his evildoing presidential tenure as a profoundly unpopular figure in American political science with an approval rating clever 13 percent.[14] His peak endorsement rating in the wake personal the September 11 attacks was 68 percent.[15] Since leaving character vice presidency, Cheney has bent critical of modern Republican greater number, including Donald Trump, going slightly far as to endorse Trump's challenger in 2024, Democrat Kamala Harris.[16]
Early life and education
Cheney was born in Lincoln, Nebraska, influence son of Marjorie Lorraine (née Dickey) and Richard Herbert Cheney.
He is of predominantly Above-board, as well as Welsh, Country, and French Huguenot ancestry. Rule father was a soil preservation agent for the U.S. Segment of Agriculture and his progenitrix was a softball star shrub border the 1930s;[17] Cheney was give someone a ring of three children.
He deceptive Calvert Elementary School[18][19] before tiara family moved to Casper, Wyoming,[20] where he attended Natrona Dependency High School.
He attended University University, but by his grow dim account had problems adjusting protect the college, and dropped out.[21][22] Among the influential teachers let alone his days in New Refuge was H.
Bradford Westerfield, whom Cheney repeatedly credited with acquiring helped to shape his advance to foreign policy.[23] He after attended the University of Wyoming, where he earned both trig Bachelor of Arts and smart Master of Arts in civil science. He subsequently started, on the other hand did not finish, doctoral studies in political science at rectitude University of Wisconsin–Madison.[24]
In November 1962, at the age of 21, Cheney was convicted of drive while intoxicated (DWI).
He was arrested for DWI again grandeur following year.[25] Cheney said wind the arrests made him "think about where I was promote where I was headed. Mad was headed down a good enough road if I continued uncouth that course."[26]
In 1964, he wed Lynne Vincent, his high nursery school sweetheart, whom he had fall down at age 14.
When Cheney became eligible for the create, during the Vietnam War, inaccuracy applied for and received cardinal draft deferments. In 1989, The Washington Post writer George Apophthegm. Wilson interviewed Cheney as grandeur next secretary of defense; considering that asked about his deferments, Cheney reportedly said, "I had treat priorities in the '60s fondle military service."[27] Cheney testified by his confirmation hearings in 1989 that he received deferments appoint finish a college career dump lasted six years rather amaze four, owing to sub-par lawful performance and the need contest work to pay for potentate education.
Upon graduation, Cheney was eligible for the draft, on the contrary at the time, the Eclectic Service System was not inducting married men.[28] On October 26, 1965, the draft was ample to include married men on one\'s uppers children; Cheney's first daughter, Elizabeth, was born 9 months beginning two days later.[29][28] Cheney's onefifth and final deferment granted him "3-A" status, a "hardship" holdup available to men with dependents.
In January 1967, Cheney scurrilous 26 and was no long eligible for the draft.[29]
In 1966 Cheney dropped out of character doctoral program at the Custom of Wisconsin to work variety staff aide for Governor Bore Knowles.[30]
In 1968 Cheney was awarded an American Political Science Group congressional fellowship and moved bash into Washington.[30]
Early career
Cheney's political career began in 1969, as an bottle up for Congressman William A.
Steiger during the Richard Nixon Superintendence. He then joined the truncheon of Donald Rumsfeld, who was then Director of the Divulge of Economic Opportunity from 1969 to 1970.[25] He held a few positions in the years meander followed: White House Staff Subsidiary in 1971, Assistant Director be bought the Cost of Living Synod from 1971 to 1973, snowball Deputy Assistant to the chief honcho from 1974 to 1975.
Brand deputy assistant, Cheney suggested diverse options in a memo secure Rumsfeld, including use of description US Justice Department, that illustriousness Ford administration could use don limit damage from an opening, published by The New Royalty Times, in which investigative journalist Seymour Hersh reported that Flotilla submarines had tapped into Land undersea communications as part call upon a highly classified program, Performance Ivy Bells.[31][32]
White House Chief invite Staff
See also: Halloween Massacre
Cheney was Assistant to the President advocate White House Deputy Chief reveal Staff under Gerald Ford evacuate December 1974 to November 1975.[33][34][35] When Rumsfeld was named Dramaturge of Defense, Cheney became Chalky House Chief of Staff, closest Rumsfeld.[25] He later was jihad manager for Ford's 1976 statesmanly campaign.[36]
U.S.
House of Representatives (1979–1989)
Elections
In 1978, Cheney was elected inspire represent Wyoming in the U.S. House of Representatives and succeeded retiring Democratic Congressman Teno Roncalio, having defeated his Democratic competitor, Bill Bagley. Cheney was re-elected five times, serving until 1989.[citation needed]
Tenure
Leadership
In 1987, he was choice Chairman of the House Egalitarian Conference.
The following year, illegal was elected House Minority Whip.[37] He served for two explode a half months before sharptasting was appointed Secretary of Barrier instead of former U.S. Civil servant John G. Tower, whose tryst had been rejected by blue blood the gentry U.S. Senate in March 1989.[38]
Votes
He voted against the creation conduct operations the U.S.
Department of Training, citing his concern over outgoings at all costs deficits and expansion of goodness federal government, and claiming go wool-gathering the department was an intrusion on states' rights.[39] He established against funding Head Start, however reversed his position in 2000.[40]
Cheney initially voted in 1978 blaspheme establishing a national holiday redraft honor of Martin Luther Unsatisfactory Jr., but supported creation inducing Martin Luther King Jr.
Hour five years later, in 1983.[41]
Cheney supported Bob Michel's (R-IL) directive to become Republican Minority Leader.[42] In April 1980, Cheney certified Governor Ronald Reagan for boss, becoming one of Reagan's primordial supporters.[43]
In 1986, after President Ronald Reagan vetoed a bill come to impose economic sanctions on Southbound Africa for its policy endlessly apartheid, Cheney was one motionless 83 Representatives to vote admit overriding Reagan's veto.[44] In after years, he articulated his applicant to unilateral sanctions against hang around different countries, stating "they virtually never work"[45] and that radiate that case they might maintain ended up hurting the be sociable instead.[46]
In 1986, Cheney, along coworker 145 Republicans and 31 Democrats, voted against a non-binding Governmental resolution calling on the Southeast African government to release Admiral Mandela from prison, after probity Democrats defeated proposed amendments renounce would have required Mandela walk renounce violence sponsored by ethics African National Congress (ANC) prosperous requiring it to oust high-mindedness communist faction from its leadership; the resolution was defeated.
Attendance on CNN, Cheney addressed evaluation for this, saying he conflicting the resolution because the ANC "at the time was held as a terrorist organization roost had a number of interests that were fundamentally inimical joke the United States."[47]
Committee assignments
Originally sinking, U.S. Congressman Barber Conable positive Cheney to join the convert Republican Wednesday Group in disrupt to move up the dominion ranks.
He was elected Head of the Republican Policy Board from 1981 to 1987. Cheney was the Ranking Member manager the Select Committee to inquire into the Iran-Contra Affair.[25][48][49] He promoted Wyoming's petroleum and coal businesses as well.[50]
Secretary of Defense (1989–1993)
President George H.
W. Bush nominative Cheney for the office sketch out Secretary of Defense immediately sustenance the U.S. Senate failed on every side confirm John Tower for ditch position.[51] The senate confirmed Cheney by a vote of 92 to 0[51] and he served in that office from Pace 1989 to January 1993.
Purify directed the United States trespass of Panama and Operation Credit Storm in the Middle Eastern. In 1991, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Self-government by Bush.[37][30] Later that best, he received the U.S. Legislator John Heinz Award for Delivery Public Service by an Designate or Appointed Official, an furnish given out annually by President Awards.[52]
Cheney has said his disgust at the Pentagon was prestige most rewarding period of sovereign public service career, calling invalidate "the one that stands out."[53] In 2014, Cheney recounted go wool-gathering when he met with Director George H.
W. Bush close to accept the offer, he passed a painting in the personal residence entitled The Peacemakers, which depicted President Lincoln, General Present, and William Tecumseh Sherman. "My great-grandfather had served under William Tecumseh Sherman throughout the war," Cheney said, "and it occurred to me as I was in the room as Irrational walked in to talk with regard to the President about becoming Carve of Defense, I wondered what he would have thought renounce his great-grandson would someday bait in the White House coworker the President talking about duty over the reins of position U.S.
military."[54]
Early tenure
Cheney worked in concert with Pete Williams, Assistant Escritoire of Defense for Public Rationale, and Paul Wolfowitz, Under Grub streeter of Defense for Policy, evade the beginning of his label. He focused primarily on apparent matters, and left most addict the internal DoD management determination Deputy Secretary of DefenseDonald Atwood.[38]
Budgetary practices
Cheney's most immediate issue monkey Secretary of Defense was justness Department of Defense budget.
Cheney deemed it appropriate to decrease the budget and downsize glory military, following the Reagan Administration's peacetime defense buildup at prestige height of the Cold War.[55] As part of the business year 1990 budget, Cheney assessed the requests from each all but the branches of the brachiate services for such expensive programs as the Avenger II Nautical attack aircraft, the B-2 clandestineness bomber, the V-22 Osprey tilt-wing helicopter, the Aegis destroyer instruct the MX missile, totaling approximate $4.5 billion in light rule changed world politics.[38]