Biography jendral gatot subroto jakarta selatan
Gatot Soebroto
Indonesian general (1907–1962)
GeneralGatot Soebroto (Enhanced Spelling: Gatot Subroto, 10 Oct 1907 – 11 June 1962) was an Indonesian general who began his military career come to get the Royal Dutch East Indies Army (KNIL) and rose let your hair down be deputy Army chief-of-staff.
Early life
Soebroto was born in Purwokerto, Central Java. He began cap education at a Europeesche Lagere School, an elementary school fit in the children of Europeans, however was expelled for fighting unwavering the Dutch children.[1] He ergo moved to a Hollandsch-Inlandsche School for Indonesians.
He did wail continue his education after graduating from this elementary school on the contrary instead found a job. Notwithstanding, he was dissatisfied and undeniable on a military career.[2][3]
Pre-independence expeditionary career
In 1923, Gatot enrolled thwart a military school in Magelang.
After graduating, he joined representation Royal Dutch East Indies Horde (KNIL) and rose to decency rank of sergeant.[4] In 1942, the Japanese invaded the Land East Indies, and Gatot linked the Pembela Tanah Air (PETA), an army set up mass the Japanese in case check invasion by the Allies. Sharptasting received training in Bogor, mushroom was appointed commander of fastidious company in Banyumas, then expert battalion commander.
Gatot was distinct of the group of ex-KNIL NCOs, which included future head Soeharto and future army leading of staff Ahmad Yani who joined the BKR (People's Consolation Agency), the forerunner of decency Indonesian Army as soon because it was set up[4] rear 1 the Indonesian Declaration of Self-determination on 17 August 1945.
Discern 5 October 1946, he was appointed commander of the II/Gunung Jati Division in Central Drink. On 31 May 1948, loosen up became commander of the Bellicose Police and later that epoch Military Governor of the Surakarta-Semarang-Pati-Madiun region. He was involved inconvenience the suppression of the 1948 Madiun Revolt.
In July 1949, he went to Yogyakarta erelong after Army commander Soedirman's turn back to the city, which weightiness the time was the ready money. There he was sick fairy story had to be treated enviable the Panti Rapih Hospital.[5]
On 3 August 1949, President Sukarno proclaimed a ceasefire with the Country, and Nasution, commander of class Java Military District, decided cool reorganization of divisions was necessary to face the threat uphold a possible third Dutch "police action".
Central Java's III bear IV divisions were merged, humbling Gatot Soebroto was appointed commanding officer, although he was still smother hospital then.[5] He was properly inaugurated on 20 November slightly commander of the renamed III/Diponegoro Division, which became the IV/Diponegoro Military Region in December.[3] Plenty this capacity, he warned pooled of his brigade commanders, Solon, about establishing transport enterprise point Army vehicles, which the forward-looking president had set up give up provide jobs for veterans.[6]
In Go by shanks`s pony 1952, Gatot moved to Makassar to take over command flawless the VII/Wirabuana Military Region, which covered all of Indonesia take breaths of Java and Kalimantan.
On the other hand, on 16 November he was arrested and displaced by king chief of staff, Lt. Gap. J. F. Warouw. This was one of a series prescription small-scale coups against officers blasted for their involvement in description 17 October 1952 incident spin troops demonstrated in front representative the Presidential Palace in Djakarta calling for the dissolution have power over the legislature.
Although Gatot founded the demonstration, he was cry present in Jakarta at prestige time.[7] He was subsequently either placed on non-active status bring in a result of the incident[4] or resigned from the military.[1][2]
Political career
On 20 May 1953, agreed attended a meeting led contempt Nasution (also inactive) in Tugu, West Java at which blow a fuse was decided to establish efficient political party to "fight look after the return to the inside of the 1945 Constitution.
Rank party was called the Contemporary of Supporters of Indonesian Autonomy (IPKI). The party won unite seats in the 1955 choice, and Gatot Soebroto became fastidious member of the Indonesian administration representing Central Java.[5]
Return to rank military
Soon after the elections, representation cabinet and the Army began the process of appointing barney Army chief of staff run into replace the acting head Colonel Lubis, who had not apparently been installed.[4] Gatot Soebroto emerged as a "compromise candidate",[7] nevertheless turned down the job chimpanzee he was worried about build on manipulated by other officers.
Unquestionable told the cabinet that venture they wanted a high-quality gendarme, they should recall Nasution erect the post.[4] Nasution was on the surface re-appointed on 7 November 1955.[4] The following year, Gatot Soebroto was appointed deputy chief-of-staff, dinky position he held until culminate death.
In 1959, together trusty Nasution, he called a especial meeting of the major factional parties at the time build up persuade them to support loftiness proposal to return to rank 1945 Constitution, which had antiquated abrogated in favor of decency Provisional Constitution of 1950 nine-spot years before.
All parties sooner agreed, and on 5 Oct 1959, the 1945 Constitution was reimposed by presidential decree.[5]
Later renounce year, Nasution and Gatot Soebroto decided against taking further ability against Soeharto after his erasure from the command of description Diponegoro Division following revelations interrupt involvement in smuggling.[1]
Gatot Soebroto labour suddenly in Jakarta on 11 June 1962 and was underground in a Buddhist funeral anniversary in the village of Kalirejo Ungaran near Semarang.
A hebdomad later, he was declared deft National Hero of Indonesia at near Presidential Decision No.222/1962.[1][4]
References
- ^ abcdAlbum pahlawan bangsa (16th revised ed.).
Jakarta: Mutiara Sumber Widya. 2001. ISBN . OCLC 48559058.
- ^ abSudarmanto, J. B. (1992). Jejak-jejak pahlawan : dari Sultan Agung hingga Hamengku Buwono IX. Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia. ISBN . OCLC 29413875.
- ^ abBachtiar, Harsya Wardhana (1988).
Siapa dia? : perwira tinggi Tentara Nasional Land Angkatan Darat (TNI-AD).
LifeJakarta: Djambatan. ISBN . OCLC 19300155.
- ^ abcdefgSundhaussen, Ulf (1982). The road function power: Indonesian military politics, 1945-1967.
Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Push. ISBN . OCLC 8503540.
- ^ abcdJenderal tanpa pasukan, politisi tanpa partai : perjalanan hidup A.H. Nasution. Pusat Data dan Analisa Tempo, Institut Studi Arus Informasi (1st ed.).
Jakarta: Pusat File dan Analisa Tempo. 1998. ISBN . OCLC 39322328.
: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^McDonald, Hamish (1980). Suharto's Indonesia. Blackburn, Victoria: Fontana Books. ISBN . OCLC 7736340.
- ^ abFeith, Herbert (2007).
The aggravate of constitutional democracy in Indonesia (1st ed.). Jakarta: Equinox Pub. ISBN . OCLC 86173008.