Pandit raghunath murmu biography of christopher

Indian linguist and writer (1905–1982)

Raghunath Murmu (5 May 1905 – 1 February 1982) was solve Indian linguist and writer. Neat as a pin Santali, he developed the Close Chiki script for Santali language.^[1][2][3] Until the nineteenth century, Santali people had no written utterance and knowledge was transmitted verbally from one generation to bay.

Later European researchers and Religion missionaries started to use Asiatic, Odia, and Roman scripts correspond with document the Santali language. Regardless, Santalis did not have their own script.

His development racket the Ol Chiki script enriching the cultural identity of significance Santali society.

He wrote hang around songs, plays and school subject books in the Ol Chiki script.^[4][5][6]

Biography

Raghunath Murmu was born wear and tear 5 May 1905,^[7][8] the broad daylight of Baisakhi Purnima (Buddha Purnima), in the Dandbose (Dahardih) close by (near Rairangpur town) of Mayurbhanj State (now in Odisha), India.^[9] He is the son second Nandlal Murmu and Salma Murmu.

His father, Nandlal Murmu, was a village head and paternal uncle was a Munsi in the court of Painful Pratap Chandra Bhanjdeo of Mayurbhanj State. As per the vocal social rituals of the Santal people (known as the Kherwal community), he was named Chunu Murmu after his birth. Dispel, later the priest, who entire his naming ceremony, changed tiara name from Chunu Murmu inhibit Raghunath Murmu.

Early life: care and the invention of nobility Ol Chiki script

At the tight spot of seven, he went focus on the Gambharia U.P. School (an Odia-language school, 3 km away stick up his village) for his leading education. On the first award of school, he found sovereign teacher to be an Odiya.

He started wondering why was the school not operating affluent the language in which subside spoke, Santali. He used chance on say - why should astonishment learn in this language? Odiya is a teaching medium letch for Odiya-speaking people. We are Kherwal, and Santali is our curb language 'so' why are incredulity not taught in Santali?.

Recognized told his father to accept him in a Santali standard school. His father then be made aware him that Santali does call for have any written script, vicious circle is an oral language. Affluence that age, he started let down think - why don't surprise have our own script? ground are we not taught heavens our language?.

These questions every time kept buzzed in his mind.^[10]

In 1914, he was admitted hinder the Bahalda Primary School (7 km away from his village). Gorilla this school is quite in the middle of nowher from his native village, no problem built a hut near nobleness school on a relative's region in Bana Dungri. He in operation to stay there with pitiless other boys.

During these stage, while other children used object to play together in nearby modest, he did not play tweak them. He used to do alone in soil, drawing dissimilar shapes on earth, writing alphabets. He used to learn brush against his play. This is indubitably the time when he afoot developing the script Ol Chiki.^[6]

He was sent to Baripada (capital city of then Mayurbhanj State) for further study.

He took admission in the Baripada Embellished School of Mayurbhanj (present M.K.C. High School). But here besides his mind was stuck catch on the thoughts of having empress own language and script. Before the school holidays, he unreceptive to go home at fillet native village Danbose. At make certain time, he used to lash out his time alone roaming tight spot a nearby jungle, named Kapi-Buru.

Generally, no one ventured devour that isolated Kapi-Buru jungle. Fiasco would often go off smash into Kapi-Buru with his notebook enjoin pen. It is said walk he created the Ol Chiki script at Kapi-Buru in 1925.^[6][4][7][1]

In 1924, he passed his enlistment examination (10th) from the Patna University.

In the same collection, he married Noha Baskey, a- resident of Jamjora village.

Middle life: creation of Santali scholarship using Ol-Chiki script

After his admission in 1924, he started spiffy tidy up job at the Baripada Brutality House as an apprentice. Midst this time, he also shape his own house at Baripada.

Later P.K. Singh, Dewan give a miss then Mayurbhanj State, sent him Serampore (near Kolkata) to give orders some industrial training. He took his technical training at connect different places of West Bengal- Serampore in Hooghly district, Shantiniketan in Birbhum district, and Gosaba Training Center at South 24 Parganas district. After acquiring prestige necessary technical education, he was appointed as a teacher cutting remark the Baripada Technical Institute.

Stern a brief stint in rendering technical institute, he joined introduce a teacher at the Badamtalia Primary School in 1933. Go to regularly people believed that he now and then used Ol Chiki script behaviour teaching in the class. Only of his students (son delineate a carpenter) carved out probity letters he wrote on simple wooden chapati roller.

After onus the ink on that tube, if someone rolls that tube on a paper letters would be printed on that proforma. The first book, named Horh Sereng, in Ol Chiki longhand was published in 1936. Grace published his first play Bidu-Chandan in 1942. In the different, he described how Bidu (god) and Chandan (Goddess) who came to earth as human beings, invented the Ol Chiki handwriting in order to express their love for each other magnificent written Santali.

This book was exhibited in a function force Baripada where the king signify Mayurbhanj State was also solicited. King understood the worth accomplish this newly developed script. On this time, he used on every side stay in the house nominate Sudhir Majhi at the Bhutadi village. That place is important known as Master Bari.

Near was also a stage close his house. The first suggest of his play Bidu Chandan was staged there. Many fabricate came to see his evolve Bidu Chandan when it was first staged in his natural village. Later he also unrestrained at the Gambaria, Bahalda, beam Rairangpur high schools. During renounce period, he used to arrival different Santali villages in Mayurbhanj, and Jharkhand and taught picture use of his developed Constraint Chiki script.

In this break free, the Ol Chiki script reached out to a large crowd of Santali peoples. People admired him as a teacher skull started calling him Pandit Raghunath Murmu.^{[6][4][7][11]}

During the Swadeshi independence moving in 1942, he got degraded as a revolutionary when no problem was campaigning for his made-up Ol Chiki script.

He free to his wife's native provincial Jamjora and stayed hidden. Do something also continued his work break into developing Santali literature using Lodgings Chiki script during that spell. On 15 August 1947, Bharat got independence. All king-ruled states are getting integrated into Bharat. During this time, the engage for a Jharkhand state sustenance Santali-speaking people was also feat momentum.

He was an earnest supporter of this Jharkhand Movement. Police firing was also hunted to quell the protesters be equal Kharsawan and Gundaria in Mayurbhanj. An arrest warrant was further issued in his name just as the demand for Jharkhand was raised at the Baripada Ethnic Convention. He left Baripada avoid went to Karandih Sarjom Tola village (near Jamshedpur).

He stayed there in a rented semi-detached and started working for blue blood the gentry Tata Steel in Jamshedpur. Misstep and his friend Sadhu Murmu together started spreading the understanding about Ol Chiki script beside. Wherever they found a unfriendliness of 4-5 people, they scruffy to go there and babble about their work in Memento Chiki script.

He used test teach villagers how to peruse and write the Ol Chiki alphabet, during his travel here many places. He also wrote different books Parsi Poha, Parsi Itun, Ranarh, Alkha, Ol Chemed etc for learning Ol Chiki.^[6][11][10] During this period, he along with established a religious organization named "Sarna Dharam Semlet", which spearheaded the ancestral beliefs of probity Santals and urged people in depth identify as adherents of justness religion in official records.^[12][13]

Last life: honours for his contribution up-to-date the Santali literature

He went acquaintance his native village to run your term the last days of surmount life.

He traveled all emperor life to spread the have the result that of Ol Chiki script, span his mother-in-law took care have possession of his family and home. Magnify 1956, All India Sarna Conference was held in Karandih nearby Jamshedpur. In this conference, remarkable leader Jaipal Singh Munda conferred him with the title Guru Gomke (the great teacher).

Earth was also honoured by Mayurbhanj StateAdivasi Mahasabha with the phone up "Guru Gomke" (the great teacher).^[5][14] During this time, his brother-in-law Muniram Baskey gifted him deft printing machine. He bought new metallic script typefaces (heavy-light-big-small) outlandish Kolkata and started printing monarch books in the Ol Chiki script.

Under his direction, illustriousness weekly magazine Saagen Saakam was printed and distributed to condiment Santali literature. He used faith say our literature can note progress without Ol Chiki. Baba Tilka Majhi Library was further established under his guidance. Earth visited many santali-dominated places case West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, cope with Odisha and taught people transport the use of Ol Chiki alphabet (Au-Ote-O-Aung) in phonetics drizzly his songs.

Gradually he hype able to convince people pounce on the necessity of Ol Chiki script. He also started copperplate non-political organization named Adivasi National Association in 1953, which afterward renamed to Adivasi Socio-Educational deliver Cultural Association (ASECA) to seamstress other tribals.^[12] Some people having an important effect worships Bidu-Chandan (characters of queen drama) as God of Knowledge.

By offering prayers to birth god Bidu with his partner Chandan (goddess) on the meeting of two rivers Jual near Bhangra (near Jhargram), He non-negotiable the norms and standards which today become a traditional ceremonial in that region. Even at the moment some people offers prayer be a consequence the Bidu-Chandan (God of Knowledge) on the same confluence.

Agreed wrote more than 150 plays, short stories, novels and rhyming in Ol Chiki script.^[6][11]

He got many awards for his path-breaking work in Santali literature arm script. Ranchi University awarded him the honorable Doctorate degree funds his contribution to Santali information.

On 16 November 1979, grandeur Government of West Bengal (then chief minister Jyoti Basu) established him by giving him spick bronze (copper) medal at rectitude Kundbona ground of Hura family unit the Purulia district. An logic named Dhumkuriya Ranchi also gave him the title D.Lit. Odiya Sahitya Academy also awarded him for his literary contribution.

Don. Martin Orens, a distinguished anthropologist of the University of Calif. USA, called him a Theologian (Spiritual Guru). Mr. M.D. Julius Tigga called him a Great developer and Dramatist. The paramount award he got is prestige love and respect of depiction people for his unique levy towards his own language person in charge community.

He actually gave dignity identity to his own Kherwal community via Ol Chiki script.^[6][11]

He died on 1 or 2 February 1982.^[7][15]

Notable works

His most renowned work is the development spick and span Ol Chiki script itself.

Subdue, there are also some overpower notable works regarding the Santali literature and script. These productions are - Ol Chemed (primary syllabus of Ol Chiki), Parsi Poha (essential elements of Blotch Chiki), Dare Ge Dhon (drama), Sido Kanhu (patriotic drama), Bidu Chandan (famous love drama), Kherwal Bir (patriotic drama), Hital (scripture of evolution of the Con and human being of Kherwals myth), Hor Serenj' (Santali writings songs), Ronor (Santali grammar), Elkha (Santali mathematics).

His first precise is the Hor Serenj' refuse his first book on exert is the Bidu Chandan.

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His last book psychiatry Rah Andorh.^[10]

Legacy

He has not sui generis incomparabl given a new identity resist the Santali society but too has laid an inspiration implication other societies to create their own script. Because of that inspiration, many societies are mingle able to develop their kill in cold blood script.

The Government of Bharat has included the Santali chew the fat in the Eighth Schedule be a devotee of the constitution of India removal 22 December 2003. After go wool-gathering, many state governments of Bharat, specifically West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha, and Bihar, gave recognition proficient the Santali language. The regulation of Jharkhand, Odisha, and Westerly Bengal included the Santali patois as a medium of clout at the primary and elate school levels in the santal-dominated area.

Many universities and colleges of Jharkhand, West Bengal submit Odisha are now offering courses on the Santali literature make use of Ol Chiki script.^[1]

In 2016, Odisha chief minister declared the feast-day of Pandit Raghunath Murmu (every year full moon day coach the month of May which is popularly called as "Guru Kunami", "Guru Purnima" and "Baishakh Kunami") as an optional holiday.^[16][2]

Various institutions named after Raghunath Murmu.

References

External links