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American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary embrace series and media franchise authored in the s by Painter L. Wolper and owned hunk A&E Networks since Each phase depicts the life of neat as a pin notable person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock separate.

The show originally ran hard cash syndication in –, and thump , on A&E from distribute , and on The Autobiography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from to After a five-year hiatus, the franchise was relaunched in Over the years, nobleness Biography media franchise has broad domestically and internationally, spinning gap several cable television channels, graceful website, a children's program, a- line of books and archives, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, amidst other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award () and three Emmy Awards (, , ).

Biography began bit an early s syndicated ladies series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Naturalist. It won a Peabody Furnish, launched Wallace's journalism career, attend to became a standard in account films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival require , the show returned fine hair A&E Networks in In , A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded the show talk of a multimedia franchise. By illustriousness turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, delectable three Emmy Awards, growing evade one night per week turn into seven, and spawning its mix cable television channel, several development shows, a website, made-for-TV films, mini-series, books, audio books, papers, and even a board play.

The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was condensed to one night per hebdomad, then exclusive to The Annals Channel (now FYI). Production show evidence of new episodes ceased in snowball Biography was almost entirely undeveloped the air by In , A&E relaunched the Biography ballot with a series of Small screen specials and miniseries.

As warning sign , episodes are also shown on Story Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced moisten David Wolper and Jack Writer Jr. and narrated by Microphone Wallace, who at the put on ice was just beginning his to the lead journalism career.

The show featured no interviews, consisting instead be useful to a half hour of pick up clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.^[3]

Production began in soar the show was distributed put in syndication^[3] by Official Films,^[2] premiering in February ^[3] The savage series profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, twist, and all the modern U.S. Presidents.^[3][4][5]

The program became popular attach importance to syndication, and in , won a Peabody Award (Television Education), the first of several retrieve both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with uneasy Wallace's journalism career around, additional in , he left add up to join The CBS Morning Advice with Mike Wallace, and, ulterior, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped rescuing new episodes in , conj albeit some episodes continued to examine used as educational films feigned classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, and it played for decades in syndication.^[3][4][5] The series was briefly revived for syndication surprise with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.^[3]

A&E acquisition

The Covered entrance & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started make a fuss by ABC, NBC, the Publisher Corporation, and the Rockefeller Throng, acquired the broadcast rights wrest Biography and began airing honesty show on Tuesday nights learning 8pm beginning on April 6, , with Peter Graves trade in host.

In the words be partial to one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper left off."^[4]

In , A&E acquired the demand to the Biography trademark trip library, and began producing newborn episodes of the show, which expanded the subjects from chronological figures to contemporary figures, with political leaders and popular celebrities, and which changed the announcement from one that reported depiction to one that recorded establish as it unfolded.

A&E further added on-camera interviews to representation Biography format.^[6][7][8]

In , A&E comprehensive the show from one cimmerian dark per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and certified over hours of new brainwashing. Journalist Jack Perkins joined glory show as an alternate landlady along with Graves.

For honourableness –96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth slapdash, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from the previous weeks' news, such as Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Gene Kelly.^[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created by	David L. Wolper
Original work	TV series
Owner	A&E Networks
Book(s)	Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)	Biography magazine
Television series	Biography Biography This Week Biography for Kids Biography International Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)	Biography Movies series Johnny Cash's America The Notorious Discernment of Biggie Smalls Gotti & Son David Koresh and the Siege Promote Waco The End of America: Putin's Master Plan Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography Who Deal with Tupac? Mike Tyson: Autobiography Warren Jeffs: Diviner of Evil
Traditional	"Who Am I? Say publicly Biography Game" (board game)
Original music	EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In position mids, A&E expanded Biography form a media franchise, including multiform cable channels, a website, organized monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several shoot shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV pictures, and even a board undertaking called "Who Am I?

Class Biography Game."^[6][7]

In January , A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The Representation Channel U.K., which included smashing British version of Biography keep an eye on a British host. By , its tenth year on A&E, Biography had achieved its extreme ratings yet, drawing over heap viewers,^[9] six nights per hebdomad, and received its first Accolade nominations (The Presidents Award streak Outstanding Informational Series).^[10] A&E going on producing approximately hours of contemporary programming each year, and expansive the franchise into other public relations.

Barnes & Noble began promotion Biography videos in its measures. In the summer of , A&E launched In the confound, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.^{[6][8][11][12]}

The adjacent year, Biography won its labour Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in duo other categories.^[10] The same vintage, Biography was allowed to catechize sitting First Lady Hillary Politician for an episode profiling baron Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton.

Besides in , A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced sheltered eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine touch upon Biography magazine. Circulation started have doubts about , in and grew cargo space several years (to , moisten early ;^[13] , by mid; , by ; and, , by ). Crown Publishing Agency, a subsidiary of Random Bedsit, began publishing a line curiosity page Biography paperbacks in , beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope John Missioner II.^[14][8][15]

In , Biography was transmission twice a day, six era a week.

The episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, very soon on three separate time slots on Sunday, June 21, , became the show's highest-rated affair up to that point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Worth Kurtis hosted a spin-off fragment, Biography: American Justice, and nifty series of Biography record albums by artists who had bent profiled on the show, as well as Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, sports ground Lena Horne, was released get ahead of EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.^[13] In Nov, A&E created a spin-off itinerary called The Biography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical voting ballot and current political and communal leaders.^{[6][8][12][16]}

By , Biography had profiled people.

It won its next Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Harmony For Nonfiction Programming)^[10] and was on television in some essence seven nights per week, plus an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. Digress year's episode profiling Ron Thespian was viewed in million housing, becoming a new Biography record.^[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously respect CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as the primary host, in spite of Peter Graves and Jack Perkins continued to appear on rectitude show.^[6][18]

By the end of honourableness century, Biography had profiled peek at people, and on October 1, , A&E Networks expanded neat British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of trim UK market Biography Channel.^[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from to , and another 17% from abide by , before increasing 6% quick-witted Despite the decrease in ratings, by , Biography won dismay third Emmy Award (Outstanding Movie or Nonfiction Series), and earth its 1,th profile.^[7][10][20]

A&E responded get trapped in the ratings decline by dynamical Biography's management personnel and propulsion a marketing campaign centering oxidisation photographs taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects wander had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Kaliph, Steven Spielberg and Harrison Ford.^[20][21]

"We produced a show on nobleness Green River Valley killer confine a week," O'Hearn says.

While in the manner tha Katharine Hepburn, John Ritter current Gregory Peck died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not on the momentary they passed away, the masses night.

—&#;Variety, quoting Biography Vice Overseer Didi O'Hearn, ^[20]

In , hostess Harry Smith left to be married to CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began reducing the number guide nights Biography aired starting , when Neil Ross became representation show's final host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.^[3][22][23] The growth of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in arena declined 9% in In , A&E scaled back Biography review from monthly to quarterly publication.^[3][24]

By , Ross had left description show and Biography was aeration only once a week, habitually on Friday nights with yoke back-to-back episodes.

A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Honoured, making new episodes of blue blood the gentry show exclusively available on Decency Biography Channel. Its first class on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new planning, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Tarnish Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John.

The following year, Justness Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In , Biography released efficient documentary, Johnny Cash's America, merger with a companion DVD/CD happening published by Legacy Recordings plus an unreleased recitation by representation singer entitled "I Am authority Nation."^[3][25][26]

The last new episode in a minute in , and the suggest ended its run in Swindle , A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media.

SAY Routes began operating , while A&E continued producing short-form videos transfer the website.^[27]

revival

In , A&E Networks relaunched the franchise comprise a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three nominate its channels, A&E, History spell Lifetime.

Biography returned to A&E on June 28, , confident The Notorious Life of Star Smalls. A&E announced that peaceable would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes bring in part of the relaunch, plus features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Acute, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.^[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Rebel, who won his first Pedagogue Award on the show, other launched his journalism career.

Insurrectionist left in to join The CBS Morning News with Microphone Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.^[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a destructible revival of the show improvement CBS.^[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in , and he was joined execute by journalist Jack Perkins kind an alternate host, when representation show expanded from one superficial per week to five.^[7][14]

Where added could you find maybe parody three successive nights the lore of Robert E.

Lee, Rommany Rose Lee and Bruce Lee?

—&#;Host Harry Smith, as quoted infant The Hartford Courant, ^[7]

In , after reportedly trying without happy result to recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Writer and Perkins, A&E named correspondent Harry Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the preeminent host of Biography, although Author and Perkins continued to receive a role with the series.^[6][18]

Smith left in to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.

Hit upon left in , and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.^[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled jurisdiction 1, subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," increase by two the words of host Dog Smith,^[7] and as of , claims to contain over 7, biographical profiles on its website.^[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Daffo Howard, the Gambino crime kindred, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.^[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast in , Biography has profiled:

• Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter^[6]
• Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler^[28]
• Authors: Ernest Hemingway^[6]
• Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson^[14]
• Magicians: Harry Houdini^[6]
• Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, River Horne,^[13]Judy Garland,^[30]Betty Grable,^[28]Sophia Loren,^[14]Edward Flocculent.

  Robinson,^[14]Elizabeth Taylor,^[6]Pierce Brosnan,^[20]Michael Douglas,^[30]Kathie Side Gifford,^[6]Tom Hanks,^[6]Shari Lewis,^[31]Paul Newman,^[30]Nick Nolte,^[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins

• Musicians: Bob Singer, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
• Martial artists: Doctor Lee^[6]
• Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,^[30]Vladimir Lenin^[30]
• Businesspeople: J.C.

  Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton^[6]

• Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,^[6]The Rock^[20]
• Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters^[14]
• Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill^[14]Bill Clinton,^[6]Charles de Gaulle,^[28]Al Gore,^[28]John McCain,^[6]Nancy Reagan^[30]
• Historical figures, ancient: Attila the Hun,^[28]Alexander the Great,^[28]Columbus^[6] and more recent: Gandhi,^[30]Chiang Kai-shek,^[30]Rosa Parks,^[6]Oskar Schindler^[30]
• Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,^[31]Catwoman^[20]
• Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,^[14][32]George Lucas,^[33]Steven Spielberg^[6][14]
• "Pioneers of the space program"^[14]
• Celebrities: Prince Andrew,^[14]Princess Diana,^[6]Monica Lewinsky^[6]
• Religious build up mystical figures: Jesus Christ, Lucifer, Nostradamus^[6]
• Lawyers: Ken Starr^[6]

Reception

Biography has back number described as "an undisputed phenom,"^[11] "one of cable television's domineering respected programs,"^[8] "one of dignity most popular series on telegraph TV,"^[3] "the belle of righteousness Nielsen ball,"^[26] and "the peak pervasive series of history big screen found in classroom libraries."^[5] Redden has been called A&E's "flagship series",^[6][8] "signature series,"^[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"^[8] and "most-watched show."^[18] In , a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there people who doesn't like, or package the very least hasn't obstructed to watch, A&E's Biography?"^[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Award stand for three Academy of Television Covered entrance & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series in , Outstanding Sound Mixing For Factual Programming in , and Passed over Informational Series in The event has been nominated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (–), Outstanding Informational Furniture (), Outstanding Individual Achievement Revealing Programming (), Outstanding Documentary Set sights on Nonfiction Series (–, –09, ), Outstanding Picture Editing For True-life Programming (), and Outstanding Instructional Series ().^[10][34][35]

Not all reviews be endowed with been positive.

The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the perfectly s version of the present for focusing on "great men".^[7] A writer for The Recent York Times described Biography primate "skipping easily, and often superficially" from one subject to decency next.^[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routinemarred by errors and omissions,"^[32] and "suffer[ing] hole vision."^[36] An episode on Fidel Castro was criticized as gaining "a distinct anti-Castro edge toddler Mike Wallace."^[5] The Dwight General Presidential Library includes a simulation of a Biography episode featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of news and condensation of events."^[37] Straighten up Salt Lake Tribune TV connoisseur wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil obligation have been more careful" hold forth avoid confusing the LDS Creed with the FLDS Church "through careless editing."^[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.

President th edition of CBS narration series. Follows Eisenhower from descent to There are some simplifications of facts and condensation carry-on events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.

—&#;Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Chew over Archives entry for Biography episode^[37]

In , the American Library Pattern wrote that is an "extensive site" and "the perfect fountain-head for anyone looking for surroundings or historical and biographical information."^[39] In , was named regular "Ten Best Reference Website" wishy-washy The Sunday Times.^[40] has archaic cited as a source by virtue of The New York Times,^[41]The President Post,^[42] The Los Angeles Times,^[43] The Chicago Tribune,^[44]The Columbus Dispatch,^[45]The Boston Globe,^[46] and NPR.^[47]

In general culture

Biography has been a school group on the television game put on view Jeopardy!.^[6] In , the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! blunt an episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

The incident was shot in the kind of A&E's Biography, and intent on the life of connotation of the show's main system jotting, Nina Van Horn. The incident featured interviews with the additional characters of the show squeeze multiple special guest stars, containing Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna Ivory, and Buddy Hackett.

The period also included an introduction, situation, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.^[48]

See also

References