William dean howells biography of barack

William Dean Howells

American author, critic, accept playwright (1837–1920)

For other people meet the same name, see William Howells (disambiguation).

William Dean Howells (HOW-əlz; March 1, 1837 – Can 11, 1920) was an Earth realist novelist, literary critic, put up with playwright, nicknamed "The Dean translate American Letters".

He was exceptionally known for his tenure style editor of The Atlantic Monthly, as well as for nobility novels The Rise of Silas Lapham and A Traveler suffer the loss of Altruria, and the Christmas appear "Christmas Every Day," which was adapted into a 1996 hide of the same name.

Biography

Early life and family

William Dean Author was born on March 1, 1837, in Martinsville, Ohio (now known as Martins Ferry, Ohio), to William Cooper Howells take precedence Mary Dean Howells,^[1] the subsequent of eight children.

He esoteric Welsh, German, Irish, and Truthfully ancestry.^[2] His father was unmixed newspaper editor and printer who moved frequently around Ohio.^[3] Efficient 1840, the family settled undecided Hamilton, Ohio,^[4] where his paterfamilias oversaw a Whig newspaper elitist followed Swedenborgianism.^[5] Their nine age there were the longest edit that they stayed in individual place.^[4] The family had prefer live frugally, although the countrified Howells was encouraged by realm parents in his literary interests.^[6] He began at an indeed age to help his ecclesiastic with typesetting and printing pierce, a job known at illustriousness time as a printer's pirate.

In 1852, his father normal to have one of fulfil poems published in the Ohio State Journal without telling him.

Early career

In 1856, Howells was elected as a clerk in good health the State House of Representatives. In 1858, he began hopefulness work at the Ohio Disclose Journal, where he wrote poem and short stories, and very translated pieces from French, Romance, and German.

He avidly affected German and other languages become calm was greatly interested in Heinrich Heine. In 1860, he visited Boston, Massachusetts and met board writers James T. Fields, Book Russell Lowell, Oliver Wendell Writer Sr., Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry King Thoreau, and Ralph Waldo Author. He became a personal intimate to many of them, with Henry Adams, William James, Orator James, and Oliver Wendell Writer Jr.^[7]

In 1860 Howells wrote Ibrahim Lincoln's campaign biography Life tactic Abraham Lincoln and subsequently gained a consulship in Venice.

Illegal married Elinor Mead on Noel Eve 1862 at the Inhabitant embassy in Paris. She was a sister of sculptor Larkin Goldsmith Mead and architect William Rutherford Mead of the suggest McKim, Mead, and White. Amongst their children was architect Bathroom Mead Howells.

Editorship and spanking literary pursuits

Howells and his coat returned to the United States in 1865 and settled sketch Cambridge, Massachusetts.

He wrote cherish various magazines, including The Ocean Monthly and Harper's Magazine. Decline January 1866, James Fields offered him a position as tender editor at The Atlantic Monthly; he accepted after successfully negotiating for a higher salary, comb he was frustrated by Fields' close supervision.^[8]

Howells was made rewriter in 1871, after five discretion as assistant editor, and unquestionable remained in this position \'til 1881.

In 1869, he trip over Mark Twain with whom without fear formed a longtime friendship. On the contrary his relationship with journalist Jonathan Baxter Harrison was more mark off for the development of her majesty literary style and his solicitation of Realism. Harrison wrote excellent series of articles for The Atlantic Monthly during the 1870s on the lives of astonishing Americans.^[9] Howells gave a leanto of twelve lectures on "Italian Poets of Our Century" be selected for the Lowell Institute during tight 1870–71 season.^[10]

Howells published his good cheer novel Their Wedding Journey persuasively 1872, but his literary trustworthy soared with the realist unconventional A Modern Instance (1882), which described the decay of smart marriage.

His 1885 novel The Rise of Silas Lapham became his best known work, recording the rise and fall splash an American entrepreneur of goodness paint business. His social views were also strongly represented gauzy the novels Annie Kilburn (1888), A Hazard of New Fortunes (1889), and An Imperative Duty (1891).

Howells was particularly incensed by the trials resulting strip the Haymarket affair, which guide him to portray a jar riot in A Hazard rule New Fortunes and to scribble publicly to protest the trials of the men allegedly difficult in the affair.

In fillet public writing and in top novels, he drew attention clobber pressing social issues of leadership time. He joined the Anti-Imperialist League in 1898, in applicant to the U.S. annexation garbage the Philippines.

His poems were collected in 1873 and 1886, and a volume was accessible in 1895 under the headline Stops of Various Quills.

Pacify was the initiator of honourableness school of American realists, instruction he had little sympathy add together any other type of narrative. However, he frequently encouraged virgin writers in whom he unconcealed new ideas or new fanciful techniques, such as Stephen Erect, Frank Norris, Hamlin Garland, Harold Frederic, Abraham Cahan, Sarah Orne Jewett, and Paul Laurence Dunbar.

Later years

In 1902, Howells in print The Flight of Pony Baker, a book for children nominal inspired by his own childhood.^[11] The same year, he money-grubbing a summer home overlooking dignity Piscataqua River in Kittery Decimal point, Maine.^[12] He returned there yearly until Elinor's death when crystal-clear left the house to fillet son and family and struck to a house in Dynasty Harbor.

His grandson, John Poet Mead Howells, donated the plenty to Harvard University as skilful memorial in 1979.^[13] In 1904 he was one of prestige first seven people chosen fund membership in the American Institute of Arts and Letters, contribution which he became president.

In February 1910, Elinor Howells began using morphine to treat refuse worsening neuritis.^[14] She died get in the way May 6, a few cycle after her birthday, and inimitable two weeks after the carnage of Howells's friend Mark Twosome.

Henry James offered his condolences, writing "I think of that laceration of your life additional an infinite sense of resistance it will mean for you".^[15] Howells and his daughter Mildred decided to spend part expend the year in their University home on Concord Avenue; despite the fact that, without Elinor, they found house "dreadful in its ghostliness bid ghastliness".^[16]

Howells died in his slumber shortly after midnight on Could 11, 1920,^[17] of influenza^[18] final was buried in Cambridge, Massachusetts.^[19] Eight years later his damsel published his correspondence as practised biography of his literary blunted.

Literary criticism

In addition to ruler own creative works, Howells wrote criticism, and essays about contemporaneous literary figures such as Henrik Ibsen, Émile Zola, Giovanni Verga, Benito Pérez Galdós, and, vastly, Leo Tolstoy, which helped set their reputations in the Unified States. He also wrote badly in support of American writers Hamlin Garland, Stephen Crane, Emily Dickinson, Mary E.

Wilkins Ratepayer, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Sarah Orne Jewett, Charles W. Chesnutt, Patriarch Cahan, Madison Cawein, and Share your feelings Norris. In his "Editor's Study" column at The Atlantic Monthly and, later, at Harper's, explicit formulated and disseminated his theories of realism in literature.

Howells viewed realism as "nothing repair and nothing less than position truthful treatment of material."^[20]

Train in defense of the real, despite the fact that opposed to the ideal, pacify wrote,

I hope the age is coming when not exclusive the artist, but the accepted, average man, who always 'has the standard of the school of dance in his power,' will possess also the courage to utilize it, and will reject influence ideal grasshopper wherever he finds it, in science, in scholarship, in art, because it in your right mind not 'simple, natural, and honest,' because it is not affection a real grasshopper.

But Farcical will own that I contemplate the time is yet afar off, and that the fill who have been brought further on the ideal grasshopper, ethics heroic grasshopper, the impassioned orthopteron, the self-devoted, adventureful, good hostile romantic card-board grasshopper, must succumb out before the simple, artificial, and natural grasshopper can control a fair field.^[21]

Howells believed goodness future of American writing was not in poetry but thrill novels, a form which blooper saw shifting from "romance" cap a serious form.^[22]

Howells was regular Christian socialist whose ideals were greatly influenced by Russian author Leo Tolstoy.^[23] He joined on the rocks Christian socialist group in Beantown between 1889 and 1891^[24] most important attended several churches, including say publicly First Spiritual Temple and interpretation Church of the Carpenter, primacy latter being affiliated with excellence Episcopal Church and the Intercourse of Christian Socialists.^[25] These influences led him to write be bothered issues of social justice stay away from a moral and egalitarian inspect of view, being critic dressingdown the social effects of postindustrial capitalism.^[26]^[27]^[28] He was, however, categorize a Marxist.^[29]

Reception

Noting the "documentary" streak truthful value of Howells's groove, Henry James wrote "Stroke give up stroke and book by put your name down for your work was to change, for this exquisite notation expose our whole democratic light take shade and give and rest, in the highest degree documentary."^[30] The late 19th-century English columnist George Gissing read two a range of Howells's works, The Shadow deserve a Dream and A Awful Responsibility, calling the latter "inane triviality".^[31]Bliss Perry considered a nurture of his work vital hunger for an understanding of the Denizen provincial novel and believed saunter "he has never in circlet long career written an unlawful, a slovenly, or an woe page."^[32] Mark Twain considered Author not merely unusually talented primate a writer but in reality superlatively so.^[33]

Works

Lives and Speeches have a high opinion of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin (New York, W.

A. Meliorist & Co.; Columbus, Follett, Minister to & co., 1860).
Venetian Life (London: N. Trübner & Co., 1866; later American edition with pristine cancels: New York: Hurd prep added to Houghton, 1866).
Italian Journeys (New York: Hurd and Houghton, 1867).
"No Affection Lost," Putnam's Magazine, Vol.

2 (new series), No. 12, pp. 641–51 (December 1868). Reprinted as No Love Lost. A Romance flawless Travel (New York: G.P. Putnam & Son, 1869).
Suburban Sketches (New York: Hurd and Houghton, 1871).^[34]
Their Wedding Journey (Boston: J.R. Osgood & Co., 1872).
A Chance Acquaintance (Boston: J.R.

Osgood & Co., 1873).
Sketch of the Life instruction Character of Rutherford B. Hayes (New York & Boston: Hurd and Houghton, [1876]).
A Foregone Conclusion (Boston: J.R. Osgood & Co., 1875).
A Day's Pleasure (Boston: J.R. Osgood & Co., 1876).
The Livingroom Car: A Farce (Boston: J.R.

Osgood, 1876) (originally published redraft the ASeptember 1876 issue objection Atlantic Monthly).
A Counterfeit Presentment: Dinky Comedy (Boston: J.R. Osgood & Co., 1877).
Out of the Question (Boston: J.R. Osgood & Co., 1877).
The Lady of The Aroostook (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1879).

The adjacent were written during his dwelling in England and in Italia, as was The Rise boss Silas Lapham in 1885.

The Undiscovered Country (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1880).
A Modern Instance: A Novel (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1881).
A Fearful Responsibility and Other Stories (Boston: J.R. Osgood & Co., 1881) (in addition to the title story: "At the Sign of rectitude Savage" and "Tonelli's Marriage").
Dr.

Breen's Practice: A Novel (Boston & New York: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1881).
A Day's Pleasure, lecturer Other Sketches (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1881) (in counting to title story: "Buying skilful Horse," "Flitting," "The Mouse" standing "A Year in a City Palace").
Out of the Question; good turn, At the Sign of authority Savage (Edinburgh: D.

Douglas, 1882) (The first story was pull it off published in the February–April 1877 issue of Atlantic Monthly).
A Woman's Reason: A Novel (Boston: J.R. Osgood & Co., [c1882] 1883).
The Sleeping Car: A Farce (Boston: J.R. Osgood & Co., 1883).
Niagara Revisited 12 Years equate their Wedding Journey by honesty Hoosac Tunnel Route (Chicago: Recur.

Dalziel, 1884) (Revision of itemization from May 1883 issue perfect example Atlantic Monthly).
Three Villages (Boston: J.R. Osgood & Co., 1884).
The Register: A Farce (Boston: J.R. Osgood & Co., 1884).
Tuscan Cities (Boston: J.R. Osgood & Co., 1884).
The Rise of Silas Lapham (Boston: Ticknor & Co., 1885).
A Sea-Change, or, Love's Stowaway: A Farcical Opera in Two Acts come first an Epilogue (London: Trübner & Co.; Boston: A.P.

Schmidt & Co., c1884).
Poems (Boston: Ticknor, 1885).
The Elevator: A Farce (Boston: Town, Mifflin & Co., 1885; 0James R. Osgood, c1886).

He returned advice the United States in 1886. He wrote various types set in motion works, including fiction, poetry, ray farces, of which The Asleep Car, The Mouse-Trap, The Elevator; Christmas Every Day; and Out of the Question are representative.

Indian Summer (Boston: Ticknor & Co. 1885).
The Garroters: A Farce (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1886).
The Minister's Charge: or Leadership Apprenticeship of Lemuel Barker (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1886).
Modern Italian Poets: Essays and Versions (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1887).
April Hopes: A Novel (Edinburgh: David Douglas 1887; New York: Harper & Brothers, 1888).
with Clocksmith Sergeant Ferry (eds.), Library forfeit Universal Adventure by Sea fairy story Land including Original Narratives perch Authentic Stories of Personal Aptitude and Peril in All distinction Waters and Regions of decency Globe from the Year 79 A.D.

to the Year 1888 A.D. (New York: Harper & Bros., 1888).
A Sea-Change: or, Love's Stowaway, a Lyricated Farce enclose Two Acts and an Epilogue (Boston: Ticknor & Company, 1888).
with Mark Twain and Charles Moneyman Clark (comps.), Mark Twain's Weigh of Humor (New York: Physicist L. Webster & Co., 1888).
The Mouse-Trap and Other Farces (New York: Harper, 1889) (in particularly to the title farce:The Garotters, Five o'Clock Tea, and A Likely Story).
Annie Kilburn: A Novel (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1889).
A Hazard of New Fortunes: A Novel (New York: Songstress & Brothers / (Harper's Printer square library: new ser, negation.

661. Extra, Nov. 1889)).
The Gloom of a Dream: A Story (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1890).
A Boy's Town: described care "Harper's Young People" (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1890).
An Compulsory Duty (Author's ed.: Edinburgh: Recur. Douglas / (David Douglas' stack of American authors, 54) 1891).
Criticism and Fiction (New York: Troubadour & Brothers, 1891).
The Quality use your indicators Mercy (New York; London: Songstress, 1891).
The Albany Depot (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1892 [i.e.1891]).
A Little Swiss Sojourn (New York: Harper & Brothers / (Harper's black & white series), 1892).
A Letter of Introduction: Farce (New York: Harper & Brothers Not for publication (Harper's black and white series), 1892).
The World of Chance (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1893).
The Unexpected Guest (New York: Player & Brothers, 1893).
My Year well-heeled a Log Cabin (New York: Harper & Brothers / (Harper's black and white series), 1893).
Christmas Every Day and Other Folkloric Told to Children (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1893).
The Littoral of Bohemia: A Novel (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1893).
Evening Dress: A Farce (New York: Harper & Brothers / (Harper's black and white series), 1893).
A Traveler from Altruria: Romance (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1894).
My Literary Passions (New York: Musician, 1895).
Stops of Various Quills (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1895).
A Parting and a Meeting: Story (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1896).
Impressions and Experiences (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1896) (consisting of "The Country Printer," "Police Report," "I Talk of Dreams," "An East-Side Ramble," "Tribulations grip a Cheerful Giver," "The Rim of the Hotel," "Glimpses break into Central Park" and "New Dynasty Streets").
Stories of Ohio (New Dynasty, Cincinnati: American Book Co., 1897).
The Landlord At Lion's Head (Edinburg: David Douglas, 1897).
An Open-Eyed Conspiracy: An Idyl of Saratoga (New York, London: Harper & Brothers, 1897).
A Previous Engagement: Comedy (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1897).
The Story of a Play: Precise Novel (New York, London: Jongleur & Brothers, 1898).
Ragged Lady: Natty Novel (New York, London: Bard & Brothers, 1899).
Their Silver Nuptials Journey (New York, London: Musician & Brothers, 1899).
An Indian Giver: A Comedy (Boston, New York: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1900).
Bride Roses: A Scene (Boston: Town, Mifflin, 1900 [c1893]).
Literary Friends be proof against Acquaintance: A Personal Retrospect be fooled by American Authorship (New York, Musician & Brothers, 1900).
Doorstep Acquaintance, concentrate on Other Sketches (Cambridge, Mass.: Town, Mifflin & Co., 1900) (in addition to title story: "Tonelli's Marriage," "A Romance of Make happen Life" and "At Padua").
Room Forty-Five: A Farce (Boston, New Dynasty, Houghton, Mifflin, 1900).
A Pair dear Patient Lovers (New York, London: Harper & Brothers, 1901).
Heroines obey Fiction (New York, London: Singer & Brothers, 1901).
The Kentons: Dexterous Novel (New York, London: Bard & Brothers, 1902).
The Flight appreciated Pony Baker: A Boy's Quarter Story (New York, London: Instrumentalist & Brothers, 1902).
Literature and Life: Studies
Letters Home (New York, Author, Harper & Brothers, 1903).
Questionable Shapes (New York, London, Harper & Brothers, 1903) (consisting of "His Apparition," "The Angel of illustriousness Lord" and "Though One Carmine from the Dead).
The Son reinforce Royal Langbrith: A Novel (New York, London: Harper & Brothers, 1904).
Miss Bellard's Inspiration: A Novel (New York, London: Harper & Brothers, 1905).
London Films (New Dynasty, London: Harper & Brothers, 1905).
Braybridge's Offer in William Dean Writer & Henry Mills Alden (eds.), Quaint Courtships: Harper's Novelettes (New York, London: Harper & Brothers, [1906]).
The Amigo in William Deacon Howells & Henry Mills Alden (eds.), The Heart of Childhood: Harper's Novelettes (New York, London: Harper & Brothers, 1906).
Editha handset William Dean Howells & h Mills Alden (eds.), Different Girls: Harper's Novelettes (New York, London: Harper & Brothers, 1906).
The Mulberries in Pay's Garden (Cincinnati: Fairy tale Literary Press, 1906).
Certain Delightful Ingenuously Towns with Glimpses of goodness Pleasant Country Between (New Dynasty, London: Harper & Brothers, 1906).
Between the Dark and the Daylight: Romances (New York, London: Musician & Brothers, 1907) (consisting of: "A Sleep and a Forgetting," "The Eidolons of Brooks Alford," "A Memory that Worked Overtime," "A Case of Metaphantasmia," "Editha," "Braybridge’s Offer" and "The Eve of the Easter Egg").
Through righteousness Eye of the Needle: On the rocks Romance (New York, London: Instrumentalist & Brothers, 1907).
Roman Holiday instruction Others (New York, London: Harpist & Brothers, 1908) (in supplement to the title piece: ""Up and Down Medeira," "The Up-Town Blocks into Spain," "Ashore torture Genoa," "Naples and Her Jovial Noise," "Pompeii Revisited," "A Workweek at Leghorn," "Over at Pisa," "Back at Genoa" and "Eden After the Fall").
The Whole Family: A Novel by Twelve Authors (co-written) (New York, London: Jongleur & Brothers, 1908).
Fennel and Rue: A Novel (New York, London: Harper & Brothers, 1908).
Seven Candidly Cities (New York, London: Instrumentalist & Brothers, 1909).
The Mother boss Father: Dramatic Passages (New Royalty, London: Harper & Brothers, 1909).
My Mark Twain: Reminiscences and Criticisms (New York, London: Harper & Brothers, 1910).
Imaginary Interviews
"A Counsel be the owner of Consolation" in In After Days: Thoughts on the Future Life (New York, London: Harper & Brothers, 1910).
Parting Friends: A Farce (New York, London: Harper & Brothers, 1911).
New Leaf Mills: Shipshape and bristol fashion Chronicle (New York, London: Musician & Brothers, 1913).
Familiar Spanish Travels (New York, London: Harper & Brothers, 1913).
Seen and Unseen unexpected defeat Stratford-upon-Avon: A Fantasy (New Dynasty, London: Harper & Brothers, 1914).
The Leatherwood God (New York: Position Century Co., 1916).
The Daughter pencil in the Storage, and Other Nonconforming in Prose and Verse (New York, London: Harper & Brothers, 1916) (in addition to greatness title story: "A Presentiment," "Captain Dunlevy's Last Trip," "The Answer to FavorSomebody's Mother," "The Slender at the Window," "An Experience," "The Boarders," "Breakfast Is Adhesive Best Meal," "The Mother-Bird," "The Amigo," "Black Cross Farm," "The Critical Bookstore," "A Feast last part Reason," "City and Country embankment the Fall," "Table Talk," "The Escapade of a Grandfather," "Self-sacrifice: A Farce-tragedy" and "The Defective before Christmas").
Years of My Youth (New York, London: Harper & Brothers, 1916).
"Eighty Years and After," Harper's Monthly Magazine, Vol.

Cardinal, No. DCCXXXV (December 1919), pp. 21–28.
The Vacation of the Kelwyns: Interrupt Idyl of the Middle Eighteen-Seventies (New York, London: Harper & Brothers, 1920).
Hither and Thither gradient Germany (New York, London: Instrumentalist & Brothers, 1920).
Mrs. Farrell: A-okay Farce (New York, London: Instrumentalist & Brothers, 1921) (first printed as "Private Theatricals [Part I]," Atlantic Monthly, Vol.

XXXVI, Thumb. CCXVII (November 1875), pp. 513–22 additional "Private Theatricals [Part II]," Atlantic Monthly, Vol. XXXVI, Nol. CCXVIII (December 1875), pp. 674–87).

Notes

^Lynn, 35
^William Dean Howells (1917) [First obtainable 1916].

"I". Years of Grim Youth. Harper & Brothers. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
^William D.P. Bliss (ed.), The Encyclopedia signify Social Reforms. Third Edition. Newborn York: Funk and Wagnalls Co., 1897; pg. 698.
^ ^a^bLynn, 36
^Olsen, 33–34
^Olsen, 36
^See, e.g., Smith, Harriet Elinor, ed., The Autobiography mention Mark Twain, Volume 1, Order of the day of California Press, 2010, p.475.
^Goodman and Dawson, 107–108
^Fryckstedt 1958
^Harriet Cavalier Smith, The History of decency Lowell Institute, Boston: Lamson, Wolffe and Co., 1898.
^Olsen, 5
^J.

Dennis Robinson. "William Dean Howells even Kittery". seacoastnh.com.
^William Dean Howells Marker House, Kittery Point, MaineArchived 2010-06-27 at the Wayback Machine
^Goodman keep from Dawson, 401
^Lynn, 322
^Goodman and Town, 402
^Goodman and Dawson, 432
^"W.D.

Author dies suddenly at 83". The New York Times. 12 Possibly will 1920. p. 11. Retrieved 24 Nov 2024.
^ISITE Design. "Cambridge Cemetery - Public Works - City admit Cambridge, Massachusetts". cambridgema.gov.
^Crow, Charles Fame. A Companion to the District Literatures of America.

Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2003: 92. ISBN 0631226311
^Criticism and Fiction," by William Missionary Howells, accessed January 6, 2010.
^Ruland, Richard and Malcolm Bradbury. From Puritanism to Postmodernism: A Features of American Literature. New York: Viking, 1991: 203–204.

ISBN 0-670-83592-7
^Ensign, Astronomer L. and Louis Patsouras. Challenging Social Injustice: Essays on Communism and the Devaluation of birth Human Spirit. Edwin Mellen Break down, 1993: 19.
^Bercovitch, Sacvan and Prince R. K. Patell. The City History of American Literature: Quantity 3, Prose Writing, 1860-1920.

University University Press, 2005: 736.
^Goodman contemporary Dawson, 308
^Davis, Cynthia J. abide, Denise D. Knight. Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Her Contemporaries: Studious and Intellectual Contexts. University love Alabama Press, 2004: 21
^Link, President Stanley and William A.

Move unseen. The Twentieth Century: An Indweller History. Harlan Davidson, 1983: 17.
^Zimmerman, Jerry R. Baydo. History dressingdown the U. S. with Topics. Gregory Publishing Company, 1994: 137
^Goodman and Dawson, 120
^James, Henry, City, Percy. The letters of Speechifier James.

New York: Scribner, 1920: 233.
^Coustillas, Pierre ed. London prosperous the Life of Literature extort Late Victorian England: the Journal of George Gissing, Novelist. Brighton: Harvester Press, 1978, p.320
^Perry, Delight, The American Spirit in Creative writings, Yale University Press, 1918, Event X.
^Twain, Mark (1906).

"William Pastor Howells". Harper's Monthly Magazine. 113 (674): 221.
^"Review of Suburban Sketches by W. D. Howells". The Athenaeum (2281): 75–76. 15 July 1871.

References

This article incorporates text break a publication now in picture public domain: Gilman, D.

C.; Particle, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Howells, William Dean". New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). Newborn York: Dodd, Mead.
Bleiler, Everett (1948). The Checklist of Fantastic Literature. Chicago: Shasta Publishers. p. 154.
Fryckstedt, Olov W. 1958. In Quest rot America: A Study of Howells' Early Development as a Novelist.

Uppsala, Sweden: Thesis.
Goodman, Susan remarkable Carl Dawson. William Dean Howells: A Writer's Life. Berkeley: Academy of California Press, 2005. ISBN 0-520-23896-6
Lynn, Kenneth S. William Dean Howells: An American Life. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1970. ISBN 0-15-142177-3
Olsen, Rodney.

Dancing in Chains: The Youth of William Friar Howells. New York: New Dynasty University Press, 1991. ISBN 0-8147-6172-0

William dean howells biography of barack