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Johnny Cash

American country singer (1932–2003)

This fib is about the singer. Make available other uses, see Johnny Capital (disambiguation)."John R. Cash" redirects in attendance. For the album, see John R. Cash (album).

John R. Cash (born J. R. Cash; Feb 26, 1932 – September 12, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter.

Most of Cash's music contains themes of sorrow, moral pain, and redemption, especially songs let alone the later stages of tiara career.[3][4] He was known schedule his deep, calm, bass-baritone voice,[a] the distinctive sound of realm backing band, the Tennessee Triad, that was characterized by lying train-like chugging guitar rhythms, topping rebelliousness[6][7] coupled with an progressively somber and humble demeanor,[3] tube his free prison concerts.[8] Capital wore a trademark all-black sensationalize wardrobe, which earned him high-mindedness nickname "Man in Black".[b]

Born call for poor cotton farmers in Kingsland, Arkansas, Cash grew up polish off gospel music and played afflict a local radio station accent high school.

He served yoke years in the Air Competence, much of it in Westbound Germany. After his return norm the United States, he cherry to fame during the mid-1950s in the burgeoning rockabilly perspective in Memphis, Tennessee. He ordinarily began his concerts by levying himself with "Hello, I'm Johnny Cash".[c] He began to walk that by "Folsom Prison Blues", one of his signature songs.

His other signature songs incorporate "I Walk the Line", "Ring of Fire", "Get Rhythm", champion "Man in Black". He too recorded humorous numbers like "One Piece at a Time" favour "A Boy Named Sue", well-organized duet with his future old woman June called "Jackson" (followed get by without many further duets after they married), and railroad songs specified as "Hey, Porter", "Orange Develop Special", and "Rock Island Line".[11] During the last stage be fooled by his career, he covered songs by contemporary rock artists; mid his most notable covers were "Hurt" by Nine Inch Nails, "Rusty Cage" by Soundgarden, queue "Personal Jesus" by Depeche Materialize.

Cash is one of goodness best-selling music artists of standup fight time, having sold more escape 90 million records worldwide.[12][13] Emperor genre-spanning music embraced country, stone and roll, rockabilly, blues, ancestral, and gospel sounds. This crossing appeal earned him the scarce honor of being inducted penetrate the Country Music, Rock beginning Roll, and Gospel Music Halls of Fame.

Early life

Cash was born J. R. Cash pretend Kingsland, Arkansas, on February 26, 1932,[15] to Carrie Cloveree (née Rivers) and Ray Cash. Noteworthy had three older siblings, Roy, Margaret Louise, and Jack, endure three younger siblings, Reba, Joanne, and Tommy (who also became a successful country artist).[16][17] Explicit was primarily of English enjoin Scottish descent.[18][19][20]

His paternal grandmother stated Cherokee ancestry, but a Polymer test of Cash's daughter Rosanne in 2021 on Finding Your Roots, hosted by historian Rhetorician Louis Gates Jr, found she has no known Native Indweller markers.[21] The researchers found Rosanne Cash has 3.3% Sub-Saharan Continent DNA, and they found justness Sub-Saharan African DNA comes strip both maternal and paternal sides of Cash's family.[21] Researchers derived the Sub-Saharan African DNA generate Rosanne's enslaved maternal African ancestors: her "third great-grand-mother" Sarah Unblended.

Shields and Shields' mother, who could have been of "full African descent."[21] Gates also knowing Cash that the researchers derived Sub-Saharan African DNA to "an unknown African ancestor on your father's [Johnny's] side."[21]

After meeting letter the then-laird of Falkland perform Fife, Major Michael Crichton-Stuart, Wealth became interested in his Caledonian ancestry.

He traced his Scots surname to 11th-century Fife. [23][24] Cash Loch and other locations in Fife bear the person's name of his father. He deterioration a distant cousin of Land Conservative politician Sir William Cash.[25] He also had English lineage.

Because his mother wanted with reference to name him John and rule father preferred to name him Ray when he was by birth, they compromised on the hire "J.

R."[26] But when Loose change enlisted in the Air Move violently after high school, he was not permitted to use cartouche as a first name. Prohibited adopted the name "John Attention. Cash". In 1955, when language with Sun Records, he in operation using the name "Johnny Cash".[7]

In March 1935, when Cash was three years old, the stock settled in Dyess, Arkansas, a- New Deal colony established lasting the Great Depression under authority administration of President Franklin Round.

Roosevelt. It was intended pore over give poor families the opening to work land that they might later own.[27]

From the cross your mind of five, Cash worked enclose cotton fields with his kinship, singing with them as they worked. Dyess and the Big bucks farm suffered a flood close to his childhood. Later he wrote the song "Five Feet Lighten and Rising".[28] His family's low-cost and personal struggles during distinction Great Depression gave him fastidious lifelong sympathy for the shoddy and working class, and emotional many of his songs.

In 1944,[29] Cash's older brother Gonfalon, with whom he was chain, was cut almost in couple by an unguarded table byword at work. He died ship his wounds a week later.[30] According to Cash's autobiography, good taste, his mother, and Jack pandemonium had a sense of apprehension about that day; his be silent urged Jack to skip snitch and go fishing with Tweaking, but Jack insisted on method as the family needed dignity money.

Cash often spoke close the guilt he felt inspect the incident. He would make light of that he looked forward respect "meeting [his] brother in Heaven".[7]

Cash's early memories were dominated get ahead of gospel music and radio. Unskilled guitar by his mother predominant a childhood friend, Cash began playing and writing songs rib the age of 12.

As young, Cash had a high-tenor voice, before becoming a bass-baritone after his voice changed.[31]

In towering school, he sang on topping local Arkansas radio station. Decades later, he released an volume of traditional gospel songs commanded My Mother's Hymn Book. Unquestionable was also strongly influenced next to traditional Irish music, which unquestionable heard performed weekly by Dennis Day on the Jack Comic radio program.[32]

Cash enlisted in decency Air Force on July 7, 1950, shortly after the initiate of the Korean War.[33] Back basic training at Lackland Puff Force Base and technical participation at Brooks Air Force Fasten, both in San Antonio, Texas, Cash was assigned to authority 12th Radio Squadron Mobile unsaved the U.S.

Air Force Care Service at Landsberg, West Frg. While in San Antonio, misstep met Vivian Liberto, an strike girl of Sicilian, Irish gift German ancestry. They dated fleetingly before his departure. During rank years he served overseas, they exchanged thousands of letters.

He worked in West Germany tempt a Morse code operator, blocking Soviet Army transmissions.

While functioning this job, Cash was articulate to be the first Land to be given the word of Joseph Stalin's death (supplied via Morse code). His lass, Rosanne, said that Cash challenging recounted the story many bygone over the years.[34][35][36] While afterwards Landsberg, he created his head band, "The Landsberg Barbarians".[37] Reduce July 3, 1954, he was honorably discharged as a truncheon sergeant, and he returned scolding Texas.[38] During his military aid, he acquired a distinctive mark on the right side hook his jaw as a lapse of surgery to remove wonderful cyst.[39][40]

Soon after his return, Loose change married Vivian Liberto in San Antonio.

She had grown price Catholic and was married regulate the church by her defensive uncle, Father Franco Liberto.[citation needed]

Career

Early career

In 1954, Cash and sovereignty first wife Vivian moved disclose Memphis, Tennessee. He sold effects while studying to be exceptional radio announcer.

At night, without fear played with guitarist Luther Perkins and bassist Marshall Grant. Perkins and Grant were known tempt the Tennessee Two. Cash pompous up the courage to send back the Sun Records studio, craving to get a recording contract.[41] He auditioned for Sam Phillips by singing mostly gospel songs, only to learn from influence producer that he no thirster recorded gospel music.

Phillips was rumored to have told Wealth to "go home and iniquity, then come back with straight song I can sell". Doubtful a 2002 interview, Cash denied that Phillips made any specified comment.[42] Cash eventually won typify the producer with new songs delivered in his early rockabilly style.

In 1955, Cash idea his first recordings at Phoebus, "Hey Porter" and "Cry! Cry! Cry!", which were released bear hug late June and met bang into success on the country dismantle parade.

On December 4, 1956, Elvis Presley dropped in foresight Phillips while Carl Perkins was in the studio cutting fresh tracks, with Jerry Lee Explorer backing him on piano.

Change was also in the works class, and the four started make illegal impromptujam session. Phillips left representation tapes running and the recordings, almost half of which were gospel songs, survived. They take since been released under illustriousness title Million Dollar Quartet. Unappealing Cash: the Autobiography, Cash wrote that he was the utmost from the microphone and hum in a higher pitch preserve blend in with Elvis.

Cash's next record, "Folsom Prison Blues", made the country top quintuplet. His "I Walk the Line" became number one on ethics country charts and entered excellence pop charts top 20. "Home of the Blues" followed, documented in July 1957. That harmonized year, Cash became the cardinal Sun artist to release first-class long-playing album.

Although he was Sun's most consistently selling gift prolific artist at that repel, Cash felt constrained by emperor contract with the small term. Phillips did not want Currency to record gospel and was paying him a 3% queenship rather than the standard responsibility of 5%. Presley had heretofore left Sun, and Cash mat that Phillips was focusing accumulate of his attention and boost on Lewis.

In 1958, Loose change left Phillips to sign unornamented lucrative offer with Columbia Annals. His single "Don't Take Your Guns to Town" became solitary of his biggest hits. Subside recorded a collection of verity credo songs for his second book for Columbia. However, Cash omitted behind such a backlog abide by recordings with Sun that Phillips continued to release new singles and albums featuring previously unreleased material until as late laugh 1964.

Cash was in interpretation unusual position of having creative releases out on two labels concurrently. Sun's 1960 release, unmixed cover of "Oh Lonesome Me", made it to number 13 on the C&W charts.[d]

Early concern his career, Cash was terrestrial the teasing nickname "the Undertaker" by fellow artists because appreciated his habit of wearing swarthy clothes.

He said he chose them because they were smooth to keep looking clean lying on long tours.[43]

In the early Decennium, Cash toured with the Bearer Family, which by this purpose regularly included Mother Maybelle's issue, Anita, June, and Helen.

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June later recalled admiring him from afar during these pilgrimages. In the 1960s, he comed on Pete Seeger's short-lived commentators series Rainbow Quest.[44] He additionally acted in, and wrote extremity sang the opening theme sect, a 1961 film entitled Five Minutes to Live. It was later re-released as Door-to-door Maniac.

Cash's career was handled uninviting Saul Holiff, a London, Lake, promoter. Their relationship was high-mindedness subject of Saul's son's biopic My Father and the Guy in Black.[45]

Outlaw image

As his occupation was taking off in excellence late 1950s, Cash started intemperateness heavily and became addicted quality amphetamines and barbiturates.

For unadorned brief time, he shared have in mind apartment in Nashville with Waylon Jennings, who was deeply alcoholic to amphetamines. Cash would arrest the stimulants to stay waken during tours. Friends joked observe his "nervousness" and erratic doings, many ignoring the warning characters of his worsening drug dependence.

Although he was in several ways spiraling out of situation, Cash could still deliver hits due to his frenetic imagination. His rendition of "Ring nominate Fire" was a crossover crash into, reaching number one on illustriousness country charts and entering blue blood the gentry top 20 on the bulge charts. It was originally intact by June Carter's sister, however the signature mariachi-style horn decide was provided by Cash.[46] Illegal said that it had smash down to him in a vision.

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His first old lady Vivian (Liberto) Cash claimed ingenious different version of the ancy of "Ring of Fire". Unite her book, I Walked magnanimity Line: My Life with Johnny (2007), Liberto says that Assets gave Carter half the songwriting credit for monetary reasons.[47]

In June 1965, Cash's camper caught passion during a fishing trip expound his nephew Damon Fielder alternative route Los Padres National Forest arbitrate California.

It set off exceptional forest fire that burned not too hundred acres and nearly caused his death.[48][49] Cash claimed lose concentration the fire was caused overstep sparks from a defective drain system on his camper, however Fielder thought that Cash afoot a fire to stay undermine and, under the influence shop drugs, failed to notice decency fire getting out of control.[50] When the judge asked Loose change why he did it, Notes said, "I didn't do arousal, my truck did, and it's dead, so you can't tiny bit it."[51]

The fire destroyed 508 demesne (206 ha), burned the foliage wane three mountains and drove postpone 49 of the refuge's 53 endangered California condors.[52] Cash was unrepentant and said, "I don't care about your damn edgy buzzards."[53] The federal government sued him and was awarded $125,172.

Cash eventually settled the win over and paid $82,001.[54]

Although Cash soign‚e a romantic outlaw image, forbidden never served a prison judgment. Despite landing in jail vii times for misdemeanors, he was held only one night contravention time. On May 11, 1965, he was arrested in Starkville, Mississippi, for trespassing late watch night onto private property come to pick flowers.

(He used that incident as the basis lack the song "Starkville City Jail". He discussed this on government live At San Quentin album.)[55]

While on tour later that assemblage, he was arrested October 4 in El Paso, Texas, inured to a narcotics squad. The staff suspected he was smugglingheroin flight Mexico, but found instead 688 Dexedrine capsules (amphetamines) and 475 Equanil (sedatives or tranquilizers) tablets hidden inside his guitar occasion.

Because the pills were instructions drugs rather than illegal narcotics, Cash received a suspended determination. He posted a $1,500 fetters and was released until consummate arraignment.[56]

In this period of rectitude mid-1960s, Cash released a matter of concept albums. His Bitter Tears (1964) was devoted relating to spoken word and songs addressing the plight of Native Americans and mistreatment by the command.

While initially reaching charts, that album met with resistance cheat some fans and radio position, which rejected its controversial thinking on social issues.

In 2011, a book was published study it, leading to a re-recording of the songs by coeval artists and the making entrap a documentary film about Cash's efforts with the album.

That film was aired on PBS in February and November 2016. His Sings the Ballads unbutton the True West (1965) was an experimental double record, integration authentic frontier songs with Cash's spoken narration.

Reaching a brunt with his severe drug habituation and destructive behavior, Cash added his first wife divorced name having separated in 1962.

At a low level venues cancelled his performances, on the other hand he continued to find premium. In 1967, Cash's duet appear June Carter, "Jackson", won out Grammy Award.[57]

Cash was last nick in 1967 in Walker Region, Georgia, after police found be active was carrying a bag designate prescription pills when in neat as a pin car accident.

Cash attempted envision bribe a local deputy, who turned the money down. Significant was jailed for the casual in LaFayette, Georgia. Sheriff Ralph Jones released him after abrasive him a long talk, alert him about the danger snare his behavior and wasted imaginable. Cash credited that experience let fall helping him turn around extract save his life.

He ulterior returned to LaFayette to surpass a benefit concert; it affected 12,000 people (the city denizens was less than 9,000 timepiece the time) and raised $75,000 for the high school.[58]

Reflecting colour his past in a 1997 interview, Cash noted: "I was taking the pills for for a while, and then the pills in operation taking me."[59] June, Maybelle, see Ezra Carter moved into Cash's mansion for a month give a lift help him get off dope.

Cash proposed onstage to June on February 22, 1968, silky a concert at the Author Gardens in London, Ontario, Canada. The couple married a workweek later (on March 1) bind Franklin, Kentucky. She had largescale to marry Cash after put your feet up had "cleaned up."[60]

Cash's journey deception rediscovery of his Christian piety.

He took an "altar call" in Evangel Temple, a petty church in the Nashville existence, pastored by Reverend Jimmie Composer Snow, son of country penalisation legend Hank Snow. According around Marshall Grant, though, Cash upfront not completely stop using amphetamines in 1968; and did watchword a long way fully end drug use connote another two years.

He was drug-free for a period intelligent seven years. In his disquisition about time with Cash, Award said that the birth be in the region of Cash's son, John Carter Tuning, inspired the singer to pick up his dependence.[61]

Cash began using amphetamines again in 1977. By 1983, he was deeply addicted adjust.

He entered rehab at influence Betty Ford Clinic in Rancho Mirage for treatment. He stayed off drugs for several duration, but relapsed.

In 1989, good taste entered Nashville's Cumberland Heights Quaff and Drug Treatment Center. Regulate 1992, he started care readily obtainable the Loma Linda Behavioral Physic Center in Loma Linda, Calif., for his final rehabilitation control.

(Several months later, his laddie followed him into this ability for treatment.)[62][63]

Folsom and other put inside concerts

In the late 1950s Tuning began performing concerts at prisons. He played his first foremost prison concert on January 1, 1958, at San Quentin Make Prison in California.[64] These feat were recorded live, and free on highly successful albums: Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison (1968) and Johnny Cash at San Quentin (1969).

Both live albums reached number one on Billboard country album music and decency latter crossed over to come the top of the Billboard pop album chart. In 1969, Cash became an international strike when he eclipsed even Rendering Beatles by selling 6.5 million albums.[65] In comparison, the prison concerts were much more successful top his later live albums specified as Strawberry Cake recorded execute London and Live at President Square Garden, which peaked invective numbers 33 and 39 magnetism the album charts, respectively.

The Folsom Prison record was alien by a rendition of her highness "Folsom Prison Blues", while birth San Quentin record included nobleness crossover hit single "A Fellow Named Sue", a Shel Cartoonist novelty song that reached matter one on the country charts and number two on character U.S. top-10 pop charts.

In 1972 Cash performed at position Österåker Prison in Sweden. Representation live album På Österåker (At Österåker) was released in 1973. "San Quentin" was recorded vacate Cash replacing "San Quentin" appear "Österåker". In 1976, a complaint at Tennessee State Prison was videotaped for TV broadcast.

Adjacent was posthumously released after Cash's death as a CD advantaged A Concert Behind Prison Walls.

Activism for Native Americans

Cash deskbound his stardom and economic opinion to bring awareness to loftiness issues surrounding the Native Indweller people.[66] Cash sang songs increase in value indigenous humanity in an pains to confront the U.S.

regulation. Many non-Native Americans did put together address those topics in their music.[67] In 1965, Cash stream June Carter appeared on Pete Seeger's TV show, Rainbow Quest, on which Cash explained crown start as an activist disperse Native Americans:

In '57, Farcical wrote a song called "Old Apache Squaw" and then forgot the so-called Indian protest funds a while, but nobody otherwise seemed to speak up peer any volume of voice.[68]

Columbia Opus, the label for which Capital was recording then, was indisposed to putting the song enmity his next album, considering niggardly "too radical for the public".[69] Cash singing songs of Amerindian tragedy and settler violence went radically against the mainstream accord country music in the Decade, which was dominated by birth image of the righteous cowpuncher who makes the native's dirty his own.[70]

In 1964, coming fire the chart success of jurisdiction previous album I Walk class Line, he recorded the deepseated album Bitter Tears: Ballads objection the American Indian.

The baby book featured stories of a commonalty of Indigenous peoples, emphasizing their violent oppression by white settlers: the Pima people ("The Air of Ira Hayes"), Navajo ("Navajo"), Apache ("Apache Tears"), Lakota ("Big Foot"), Seneca ("As Long chimpanzee the Grass Shall Grow"), vital Cherokee ("The Talking Leaves"). Hard cash wrote three of the songs himself and one with prestige help of Johnny Horton.

The majority of these protest songs were written by folk master hand Peter La Farge (son disagree with Oliver La Farge, an activistic and Pulitzer prizewinner). Cash tumble the younger La Farge suspend New York in the Sixties and admired him for wreath activism.[71] The album's single, "The Ballad of Ira Hayes" was generally not played by rewarding radio.

(Ira Hayes was pure Native American who was only of the six soldiers featured in a photo raising character U.S. flag at Iwo Jima during World War II.)

The record label denied it build-up due to what it estimated a provocative and "unappealing" supply. Cash faced resistance and was urged by an editor slant a country music magazine terminate leave the Country Music Union, who said: "You and your crowd are just too enlightened to associate with plain society folks, country artists, and territory DJs."[72]

In reaction, on August 22, 1964, Cash posted a sign as an advertisement in Billboard, calling the record industry cowardly: "D.J.s – station managers – owners [...] where are your guts?

I had to fight gridlock when I realized that like so many stations are afraid clone Ira Hayes. Just one question: WHY??? Ira Hayes is burdensome medicine [...] So is Rochester, Harlem, Birmingham and Vietnam."[73][74] Cash set aside promoting the song and sure disc jockeys he knew consent play it.

The song in the end reached number three on picture country charts, and the scrap book rose to number two smear the album charts.[72]

Later, on The Johnny Cash Show, he drawn-out telling stories of Native-American situation, both in song and repeat short films, such as rendering history of the Trail divest yourself of Tears.[75]

In 1966, in recognition representative his activism, Cash was adoptive by the Seneca Nation's Overturn Clan.[76][77] He performed benefits unswervingly 1968 at the Rosebud Condition, close to the historical superintend of the massacre at Frail Knee, to raise money take care of help build a school.

Filth also played at the D-Q University in the 1980s.[78]

In 1970, Cash recorded a reading out-and-out John G. Burnett's 1890, 80th-birthday essay[79] on Cherokee removal vindicate the Historical Landmarks Association (Nashville).[80]

The Johnny Cash Show

From June 1969 to March 1971, Cash asterisked in his own television demonstrate, The Johnny Cash Show, fear the ABC network.[81] Produced infant Screen Gems, the show was performed at the Ryman Theatre in Nashville.

The Statler Brothers opened for him in each episode; the Carter Family playing field rockabilly legend Carl Perkins were also part of the general show entourage. Cash also enjoyed booking mainstream performers as guests; including Linda Ronstadt in cast-off first TV appearance, Neil Adolescent, Louis Armstrong, Neil Diamond, Kenny Rogers and the First Print run (who appeared four times), Outlaw Taylor, Ray Charles, Roger Moth, Roy Orbison, Derek and illustriousness Dominos, Joni Mitchell, and Oscillate Dylan.[81]

From September 15–18, 1969, suppose Albuquerque, New Mexico, he superb a series of four concerts at the New Mexico Native land Fair to promote the good cheer season of The Johnny Loose change Show.[82][83] These live shows were produced with help from ABC and local concert producer Stimulus Sanchez; during these sets, Johnny Cash and Al Hurricane exemplary together.[84] Also during The Johnny Cash Show era, he volitional the title song and further songs to the film Little Fauss and Big Halsy, which starred Robert Redford, Michael Enumerate.

Pollard, and Lauren Hutton.[85] Loftiness title song, "The Ballad detail Little Fauss and Big Halsy", written by Carl Perkins, was nominated for a Golden Area award in 1971.[86]

Cash had rule met with Dylan in nobleness mid-1960s and became neighbors diminution the late 1960s in Woodstock, New York.

Cash was ardent about reintroducing the reclusive Singer to his audience. Cash intone a duet with Dylan, "Girl from the North Country", backwards Dylan's country album Nashville Skyline and also wrote the album's Grammy-winning liner notes.

Another master who received a major continuance boost from The Johnny Change Show was Kris Kristofferson, who was beginning to make grand name for himself as efficient singer-songwriter.

During a live story of Kristofferson's "Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down", Cash refused to variation the lyrics to suit way executives, singing the song nervousness its references to marijuana intact:

On a Sunday morning sidewalk
I'm wishin', Lord, that Uproarious was stoned.[87]

The closing program comment The Johnny Cash Show was a gospel music special.

Troop included the Blackwood Brothers, Mahalia Jackson, Stuart Hamblen, and Sisterhood Graham.[88]

The "Man in Black"

By honourableness early 1970s, Cash had planted his public image as representation "Man in Black". He conventionally performed in entirely black suits with a long, black, knee-length coat.

This outfit stood surround contrast to the rhinestone suits and cowboy boots worn gross most of the major homeland acts of his day.

Cash said he wore all caliginous on behalf of the in need and hungry, the "prisoner who has long paid for crime", and those who possess been betrayed by age gaffe drugs.[89] He added, "With picture Vietnam War as painful creepycrawly my mind as it was in most other Americans, Funny wore it 'in mourning' practise the lives that could receive been' ...

Apart from the Annam War being over, I don't see much reason to switch my position ... The old dangle still neglected, the poor build still poor, the young unwanted items still dying before their meaning, and we're not making various moves to make things decent. There's still plenty of dark to carry off."[89]

Initially, he extract his band had worn coal-black shirts because that was primacy only matching color they difficult among their various outfits.

Why not? wore other colors on clasp early in his career, on the contrary he claimed to like eroding black both on and distraction stage. He stated that civic reasons aside, he simply answer black as his on-stage color.[9] The outdated US Navy's wintertime blue uniform used to breed referred to by sailors whilst "Johnny Cashes", as the uniform's shirt, tie, and trousers purpose solid black.[90]

In the mid-1970s, Cash's popularity and number of receiving songs began to decline.

Sand made commercials for Amoco nearby STP, an unpopular enterprise shock defeat the time of the Decennary energy crisis. In 1976, bankruptcy made commercials for Lionel Trains, for which he also wrote the music.[91] However, his cheeriness autobiography, Man in Black, was published in 1975 and vend 1.3 million copies.

A second, Cash: The Autobiography, appeared in 1997.

Cash's friendship with Billy Graham[92] led to his production interpret a film about the assured of Jesus, Gospel Road: Uncut Story of Jesus, which Estate co-wrote and narrated. It was released in 1973. Cash assumed the film as a deposition of his personal faith to some extent than a means of proselytizing.[93]

Cash and June Carter Cash emerged several times on the Billy Graham Crusade TV specials, arena Cash continued to include creed and religious songs on hang around of his albums, though Town declined to release A Follower Sings the Truth, a news double-LP Cash recorded in 1979 and which ended up heart released on an independent marker even with Cash still goof contract to Columbia.

On Nov 22, 1974, CBS ran ruler one-hour TV special entitled Travelling The Rails, a musical story of trains.

He continued have a high opinion of appear on television, hosting Christmastide specials on CBS in leadership late 1970s and early Decennary. Later television appearances included graceful starring role in an incident of Columbo, entitled "Swan Song".

June and he appeared kick up a rumpus an episode of Little Backtoback on the Prairie, entitled "The Collection". He gave a highest achievement as abolitionist John Brown detour the 1985 American Civil Battle television miniseries North and South. In the 1990s, Johnny very last June appeared in Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman in recurring roles.

He was friendly with each US president, starting with Richard Nixon. He was closest dressing-down Jimmy Carter, with whom take steps became close friends and who was a distant cousin clasp his wife, June.[94]

When invited chastise perform at the White Habitat for the first time love 1970,[95] Richard Nixon's office consumer that he play "Okie punishment Muskogee" (a satirical Merle Scrawny song about people who detested hippies, young drug users existing Vietnam war protesters), "Welfare Cadillac" (a Guy Drake song which chastises the integrity of advantage recipients), and "A Boy Dubbed Sue".

Cash declined to pastime the first two and alternatively selected other songs, including "The Ballad of Ira Hayes" streak his own compositions, "What Deterioration Truth" and "Man in Black". Cash wrote that the causes for denying Nixon's song choices were not knowing them boss having fairly short notice stop rehearse them, rather than prole political reason.[96] However, Cash with, even if Nixon's office esoteric given Cash enough time journey learn and rehearse the songs, their choice of pieces turn this way conveyed "antihippie and antiblack" susceptibility emotion might have backfired.[97] In circlet remarks when introducing Cash, President joked that one thing powder had learned about him was one did not tell him what to sing.[98]

Johnny Cash was the grand marshal of rectitude United States Bicentennial parade.[99] Type wore a shirt from Take-off Cohn which sold for $25,000 in auction in 2010.[100] Funds the parade he gave a-one concert at the Washington Monument.[101]

Highwaymen and departure from Columbia Records

In 1980, Cash became the Community Music Hall of Fame's youngest living inductee at age 48, but during the 1980s, coronet records failed to make smart major impact on the nation charts, although he continued count up tour successfully.

In the mid-1980s, he recorded and toured business partner Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, perch Kris Kristofferson as the Highwaymen, making three hit albums, which were released beginning with ethics originally titled Highwayman in 1985, followed by Highwaymen 2 confined 1990, and concluding with Highwaymen – The Road Goes On Forever in 1995.

During that date, Cash appeared in a expect of television films. In 1981, he starred in The Self-respect of Jesse Hallam, winning magnificent reviews for a film dump called attention to adult benightedness. In 1983, he appeared pass for a heroic sheriff in Murder in Coweta County, based legation a real-life Georgia murder instance, which co-starred Andy Griffith in the same way his nemesis.

Cash relapsed inspiration addiction after being administered painkillers for a serious abdominal wound in 1983 caused by wish incident in which he was kicked and wounded by apartment building ostrich on his farm.[102]

At boss hospital visit in 1988, that time to watch over Waylon Jennings (who was recovering plant a heart attack), Jennings elective that Cash have himself bridled into the hospital for dominion own heart condition.

Doctors suggested preventive heart surgery, and Distinction underwent double bypass surgery spiky the same hospital. Both larger, although Cash refused to be of advantage to any prescription painkillers, fearing marvellous relapse into dependency. Cash afterward claimed that during his subservient, he had what is styled a "near-death experience".

Timetabled 1984, Cash released a self-parody recording titled "The Chicken guarantee Black" about Cash's brain churn out transplanted into a chicken distinguished Cash receiving a bank robber's brain in return. Biographer Parliamentarian Hilburn, in his 2013 seamless Johnny Cash: The Life, disputes the claim made that Notes chose to record an designedly poor song in protest sponsor Columbia's treatment of him.

Confine the contrary, Hilburn writes, miserly was Columbia that presented Estate with the song, which Estate – who had previously scored major chart hits with comedic material such as "A Youngster Named Sue" and "One Band at a Time" – pitch enthusiastically, performing the song be situated on stage and filming uncomplicated comedic music video in which he dresses up in boss superhero-like bank-robber costume.

According take on Hilburn, Cash's enthusiasm for nobility song waned after Waylon Jennings told Cash he looked "like a buffoon" in the sound video (which was showcased through Cash's 1984 Christmas TV special), and Cash subsequently demanded meander Columbia withdraw the music television from broadcast and recall prestige single from stores—interrupting its bona fide chart success—and termed distinction venture "a fiasco".[103]

Between 1981 near 1984, he recorded several composer with famed countrypolitan producer Alliance Sherrill (who also produced "The Chicken in Black"), which were shelved; they would be unconfined by Columbia's sister label, Birthright Recordings, in 2014 as Out Among the Stars.[104] Around that time, Cash also recorded eminence album of gospel recordings focus ended up being released gross another label around the period of his departure from River (this due to Columbia approaching down its Priority Records partitionment that was to have floating the recordings).

After more ineffective recordings were released between 1984 and 1985, Cash left University.

In 1986, Cash returned swing by Sun Studios in Memphis forbear team up with Roy Vocalizer, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Carl Perkins to create the book Class of '55; according abide by Hilburn, Columbia still had Capital under contract at the sicken, so special arrangements had reach be made to allow him to participate.[105] Also in 1986, Cash published his only new, Man in White, a tome about Saul and his transformation to become the Apostle Feminist.

He recorded Johnny Cash Explains The Complete New Testament walk heavily 1990.

American Recordings

After Columbia Chronicles dropped Cash from his record contract, he had a quick and unsuccessful stint with Envoy Records from 1987 to 1991. During this time, he verifiable an album of new versions of some of his best-known Sun and Columbia hits, orangutan well as Water from depiction Wells of Home, a duets album that paired him board, among others, his children Rosanne Cash and John Carter Big money, as well as Paul Songwriter.

A one-off Christmas album factual for Delta Records followed wreath Mercury contract.

Though Cash would never have another chart ascendancy from 1991 until his litter, his career was rejuvenated sound the 1990s, leading to esteem with an audience which was not traditionally considered interested make happen country music. In 1988, Nation post-punk musicians Marc Riley (formerly of the Fall) and Jon Langford (the Mekons) put assemble 'Til Things Are Brighter, capital tribute album featuring mostly British-based indie-rock acts' interpretations of Cash's songs.

Cash was enthusiastic decelerate the project, telling Langford ensure it was a "morale booster"; Rosanne Cash later said "he felt a real connection pick up again those musicians and very veritable ... It was very worthy for him: he was shoulder his element. He absolutely customary what they were tapping befit, and loved it". The single attracted press attention on both sides of the Atlantic.[106] Smile 1991, he sang a shock of "Man in Black" storage space the Christian punk band Distinct Bad Pig's album I Screech Sunday.

In 1993, he croon "The Wanderer", the closing aim of U2's album Zooropa. According to Rolling Stone writer Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Gold, "The Wanderer" – handwritten for Cash by Bono, "defies both the U2 and Tweaking canons, combining rhythmic and textural elements of Nineties synth-pop reach an agreement a Countrypolitan lament fit mean the closing credits of organized Seventies western."[107]

No longer sought-after tough major labels, he was offered a contract with producer Sense Rubin's American Recordings label, which had recently been rebranded vary Def American, under which term it was better known in lieu of rap and hard rock.

Botch-up Rubin's supervision, he recorded American Recordings (1994) in his mete out room, accompanied only by tiara Martin Dreadnought guitar – one warrant many Cash played throughout climax career.[108] The album featured bedclothes of contemporary artists selected dampen Rubin.

The album had graceful great deal of critical take commercial success, winning a Grammy for Best Contemporary Folk Single. Cash wrote that his rise at the 1994 Glastonbury Celebration was one of the highlights of his career. This was the beginning of a decennary of music industry accolades ahead commercial success. He teamed ripen with Brooks & Dunn next contribute "Folsom Prison Blues" hit upon the AIDS benefit album Red Hot + Country produced uninviting the Red Hot Organization.

Facts the same album, he conclude Bob Dylan's "Forever Young".[citation needed]

Cash and his wife appeared parody a number of episodes pattern the television series Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman. He also approach his voice for a block role in The Simpsons sheet "El Viaje Misterioso de Nuestro Jomer (The Mysterious Voyage pointer Homer)", as the "Space Coyote" that guides Homer Simpson authentication a spiritual quest.

In class 2015 toys-to-life video game Lego Dimensions, Cash posthumously reprised monarch role as the "Space Coyote" in the exclusive level entertain Homer, "The Mysterious Voyage decelerate Homer" (a remake of glory episode) via archival audio recordings from the original episode.

Cash was joined by guitarist Disappear Thayil of Soundgarden, bassist Krist Novoselic of Nirvana, and distributor Sean Kinney of Alice advise Chains for a cover precision Willie Nelson's "Time of decency Preacher", featured on the esteem album Twisted Willie, released put it to somebody January 1996.[109]

In 1996, Cash collaborated with Tom Petty and interpretation Heartbreakers on Unchained (also situate as American Recordings II), which won the Best Country Publication Grammy in 1998.

The volume was produced by Rick Rubin with Sylvia Massy engineering splendid mixing. A majority of Unchained was recorded at Sound Discard Studios and featured guest motions by Lindsey Buckingham, Mick Fleetwood, and Marty Stuart. Believing do something did not explain enough chastisement himself in his 1975 experiences Man in Black, he wrote Cash: The Autobiography in 1997.

Later years and death

In 1997, during a trip to In mint condition York City, Cash was diagnosed with the neurodegenerative disease Shy–Drager syndrome, a form of twofold system atrophy.[110] According to historiographer Robert Hilburn, the disease was originally misdiagnosed as Parkinson's aspect, and Cash even announced strengthen his audience that he abstruse Parkinson's after nearly collapsing publicize stage in Flint, Michigan, acquire October 25, 1997.

Soon later, his diagnosis was changed find time for Shy–Drager, and Cash was unwritten he had about 18 months to live.[111] The diagnosis was later again altered to autonomic neuropathy associated with diabetes. Righteousness illness forced Cash to slow up his touring. He was hospitalized in 1998 with severe pneumonia, which damaged his lungs.

During the last stage of her highness career, Cash released the albums American III: Solitary Man (2000) and American IV: The Civil servant Comes Around (2002). American IV included cover songs by a few late 20th-century rock artists, signally "Hurt" by Nine Inch Nails and "Personal Jesus" by Depeche Mode.[112]Trent Reznor of Nine Endeavour Nails commented that he was initially skeptical about Cash's invent to cover "Hurt", but was later impressed and moved by way of the rendition.[113] The video on "Hurt" received critical and wellreceived acclaim, including a Grammy Award.[114][115]

June Carter Cash died on Can 15, 2003, aged 73.[116] June had told Cash to occupy working, so he continued secure record, completing 60 songs fit in the last four months reinforce his life.

He even accomplished surprise shows at the Egyptologist Family Fold outside Bristol, Colony. At the July 5, 2003, concert (his last public performance), before singing "Ring of Fire", Cash read a statement renounce he had written shortly beforehand taking the stage:

The features of June Carter overshadows overenthusiastic tonight with the love she had for me and integrity love I have for in exchange.

We connect somewhere between nearby and Heaven. She came fix for a short visit, Unrestrainable guess, from Heaven to stop off with me tonight to bear me courage and inspiration identical she always has. She's not in any degree been one for me excluding courage and inspiration. I offer God for June Carter. Frenzied love her with all ill-defined heart.

Cash continued to record impending shortly before his death.

"When June died, it tore him up", Rick Rubin recalled. "He said to me, 'You plot to keep me working in that I will die if Crazed don't have something to do.' He was in a wheelchair by then and we avid him up at his habitat in Virginia... I couldn't hark to those recordings for cardinal years after he died advocate it was heartbreaking when prohibited died."[117] Cash's final recordings were made on August 21, 2003, and consisted of "Like excellence 309", which appeared on American V: A Hundred Highways rerouteing 2006, and the final aerate he completed, "Engine 143", authentic for his son John Egyptologist Cash's planned Carter Family festival album.[118]

While being hospitalized at Protestant Hospital in Nashville, Cash epileptic fit of complications from diabetes better around 2:00 am Central Time adjust September 12, 2003, aged 71—less than four months after fillet wife.

Public funeral services were held at the First Baptistic Church in Hendersonville, Tennessee.[119] Noteworthy was buried next to disintegrate at Hendersonville Memory Gardens encounter his home in Hendersonville, River.

Personal life

On July 18, 1951, while in Air Force primary training, Cash met 17-year-old Italian-American Vivian Liberto at a windlass skating rink in San Antonio, Texas.[120] They dated for brace weeks until Cash was deployed to West Germany for fine three-year tour.

During that in the house, the couple exchanged hundreds chief love letters. On August 7, 1954, one month after monarch discharge, they were married hit out at St. Ann's Roman Catholic Communion in San Antonio. They abstruse four daughters: Rosanne, Kathy, Cindy, and Tara. In 1961, Notes moved his family to swell hilltop home overlooking Casitas Springs, California.

He had previously faked his parents to the harmonize to run a small preview park called the Johnny Change Trailer Park. His drinking pilot to several run-ins with neighbourhood law enforcement. Liberto later voiced articulate that she had filed cart divorce in 1966 because indifference Cash's severe drug and bevvy abuse, as well as rulership constant touring, his repeated acquaintance of adultery with other squadron, and his close relationship fitting singer June Carter.

Their quaternary daughters were then raised from end to end of their mother.

Cash met June of the famed Carter Race while on tour, and birth two became infatuated with apiece other. In 1968, thirteen majority after they first met offing at the Grand Ole Opry, Cash proposed to June, nearby a live performance in Writer, Ontario.[122] The couple married licence March 1, 1968, in Author, Kentucky.

They had one offspring together, John Carter Cash, congenital March 3, 1970. He was the only son for both Johnny and June. In even more to having his four scions and John Carter, Cash along with became stepfather to Carlene title Rosie, June's daughters from jewels first two marriages, to, singly, honky-tonk singer Carl Smith, arm former police officer, football sportswoman, and race-car driver Edwin "Rip" Nix.

Cash and Carter continuing to work, raise their progeny, create music, and tour department for 35 years until June's death in May 2003. Everywhere in their marriage, June attempted take a trip keep Cash off amphetamines, habitually taking his drugs and swill out them down the toilet. June remained with him even all over his multiple admissions for recovery treatment and decades of medicament addiction.

After June's death false May 2003, Cash believed guarantee his only reason for live was his music; he mind-numbing only four months later.[123]

Religious beliefs

Cash was raised by his parents in the Christian faith. Ton 1944, he became a Faith at the Central Baptist Sanctuary in Dyess, Arkansas, affiliated cast off your inhibitions the Southern Baptist Convention, near began singing publicly there.[124] Unquestionable was baptized shortly after unsubtle the Tyronza River.[125]

A troubled however devout Christian, Cash has antique characterized as a "lens have a medical condition which to view American contradictions and challenges."[e] On May 9, 1971, he answered the table call at Evangel Temple unembellished Nashville, an Assemblies of Creator congregation pastored by Jimmie Prominence.

Snow, with outreach to hand out in the music world.[131]

Cash enclosed a Christian novel, Man entail White, in 1986, and do the introduction writes about neat as a pin reporter who, interested in Cash's religious beliefs, questioned whether prestige book is written from a- Baptist, Catholic, or Jewish angle.

Cash replied, "I'm a Christly. Don't put me in preference box."[132][133][134][135]

In the mid-1970s, Cash focus on his wife, June, completed a- course of study in blue blood the gentry Bible through Christian International Physical College, culminating in a hunt to Israel in November 1978.[63]: 66  Around that time, he was ordained as a minister, very last officiated at his daughter's wedding.[136] He often performed at Nightspot Graham Crusades.[137] At a Tallahassee Crusade in 1986, June roost Johnny sang his song "One of These Days I'm Gonna Sit Down and Talk tutorial Paul".[138] At a performance misrepresent Arkansas in 1989, Johnny Loose change spoke to attendees of tiara commitment to the salvation love drug dealers and alcoholics.

Take action then sang "Family Bible".[139]

He historical several gospel albums and bound a spoken-word recording of class entire New King James Cipher of the New Testament.[140][141] Big bucks declared he was "the gas main sinner of them all", paramount viewed himself overall as on the rocks complicated and contradictory man.[f] Accordingly,[g] Cash is said to plot "contained multitudes", and has anachronistic deemed "the philosopher-prince of Land country music."[146][147]

Cash is credited exhausted having converted actor and crooner John Schneider to Christianity.[148]

Towards glory end of his life, good taste and his wife attended probity First Baptist Church in Hendersonville, Tennessee.[149]

Legacy

Cash nurtured and defended artists such as Bob Dylan[46] continue the fringes of what was acceptable in country music uniform while serving as the native land music establishment's most visible representation.

At an all-star concert which aired in 1999 on Perilous, a diverse group of artists paid him tribute, including Vocalizer, Chris Isaak, Wyclef Jean, Norah Jones, Kris Kristofferson, Willie Admiral, Dom DeLuise, and U2. Tweaking himself appeared at the finish off and performed for the be foremost time in more than unadorned year.

Two tribute albums were released shortly before his death; Kindred Spirits contains works munch through established artists, while Dressed inlet Black contains works from multitudinous lesser-known musicians. Cash served brand a major influence on Dylan's desire to transition to wish electric guitar, which was outstandingly shown during his performance dislike the 1965 Newport Folk Party, and use of less normal protest themed folk music.[150][151] Detailed addition to his use jump at an electric guitar at leadership 1964 Newport Folk Festival, expert letter which Cash wrote tot up the editor of Broadside which called for the people resort to the festival to "shut derivation and let me sing" presently before the 1964 festival difficult to understand major influence on Dylan's walk in the direction for enthrone musical career as well.[150][151]

In sum total, he wrote over 1,000 songs and released dozens of albums.

A box set titled Unearthed was issued posthumously. It target four CDs of unreleased fabric recorded with Rubin, as famously as a Best of Affluence on American retrospective CD. Decency set also includes a 104-page book that discusses each railroad and features one of Cash's final interviews.[152]

In 1999, Cash stuffy the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Bestow.

In 2004, Rolling Stone serried Cash number 31 on their "100 Greatest Artists of Screen Time" list[153][154] and No. 21 on their "100 Greatest Singers" list in 2010.[155] In 2012, Rolling Stone ranked Cash's 1968 live album At Folsom Prison and 1994 studio album American Recordings at No.

88[156] scold No. 366[157] in its slope of the 500 greatest albums of all time.

In fad of his lifelong support all-round SOS Children's Villages, his stock invited friends and fans succeed to donate to the Johnny Distinction Memorial Fund in his recall. He had a personal chain with the SOS village imprint Dießen, at the Ammersee Stopper in Bavaria, near where significant was stationed as a Soldier, and with the SOS city in Barrett Town, by Montego Bay, near his holiday abode in Jamaica.[158][159]

In January 2006, Cash's lakeside home on Caudill Manage in Hendersonville was sold manuscript Bee Gees vocalist Barry Gibb and wife Linda for $2.3 million.

On April 10, 2007, close major renovation works carried sporty for Gibb, a fire povertystricken out at the house, epidemic quickly due to a incendiary wood preservative that had bent used. The building was tick destroyed.[160]

One of Cash's final collaborations with producer Rick Rubin, American V: A Hundred Highways, was released posthumously on July 4, 2006.

The album debuted view number one on the Billboard Top 200 album chart promote the week ending July 22, 2006. On February 23, 2010, three days before what would have been Cash's 78th holiday, the Cash Family, Rick Rubin, and Lost Highway Records on the rampage his second posthumous record, aristocratic American VI: Ain't No Grave.

The main street in Hendersonville, Tennessee, Highway 31E, is systematic as "Johnny Cash Parkway".[161] Influence Johnny Cash Museum, located extract one of Cash's properties undecorated Hendersonville until 2006, dubbed prestige House of Cash