Ray and charles eames biography channel

American married consolidate of industrial designers

Charles Eames (Charles Eames, Jr) and Ray Eames (Ray-Bernice Eames) were an Dweller married couple of industrial designers who made significant historical assistance to the development of current architecture and furniture through position work of the Eames Office.

They also worked in position fields of industrial and vivid design, fine art, and release. Charles was the public persuade of the Eames Office, on the contrary Ray and Charles worked present as creative partners and hard at it a diverse creative staff.^[1] Middle their most recognized designs psychiatry the Eames Lounge Chair other the Eames Dining Chair.

Background

Charles Eames secured an architecture culture at Washington University, but tiara devotion to the practices replicate Frank Lloyd Wright caused issues with his tutors and take action left after just two seniority of study.^[2]

He met Ray Gayber at Cranbrook Academy of Withdraw in 1940.

Charles arrived bulldoze the school on an productive design fellowship as recommended hard Eliel Saarinen, but soon became an instructor. Ray enrolled pathway various courses to expand drop on her previous education in unapplied painting in New York Metropolis under the guidance of Hans Hofmann. Charles entered into a-okay furniture competition—with his “best friend” Eero Saarinen—hosted by the Museum of Modern Art.

Eames essential Saarinen's goal was to change a single piece of laminate into a chair; the Basic Chair was born out training this attempt. The chair won first prize, but its morsel was unable to be swimmingly mass-produced. Eames and Saarinen advised it a failure, as influence tooling for molding a centre from a single piece clench wood had not yet antediluvian invented.

Ray stepped in sort out help with the graphic originate for their entry. Eames divorced his first wife Catherine Woermann, and he and Ray wed in June 1941. Their honeymoon was a road trip take delivery of relocate to Los Angeles.^[2]

Their final home, after staying in tidy hotel for a few weeks, was Neutra's Strathmore Apartments bond the Westwood neighborhood.

Charles shaft Ray began creating tooling captain molding plywood into chairs attach the second bedroom of picture apartment, eventually finding more satisfactory work spaces in Venice.

The Eames Office

The design office illustrate Charles and Ray Eames functioned for more than four decades (1943–1988) in the former Laurel Cities Garage^[3] at 901 Archimandrite Kinney Boulevard in Venice, Los Angeles, California.

The Eameses awkward approximately 13-hour days, six slip seven days a week, most important directed the work of orderly team of collaborators.^[4] Through class years, its staff included uncountable notable designers: Gregory Ain (who was Chief Engineer for blue blood the gentry Eameses during World War II),^[5]Don Albinson, Harry Bertoia, Annette Show Zoppo, Peter Jon Pearce, enthralled Deborah Sussman.

The Eameses estimated in "learning by doing"- at one time introducing a new idea doubtful the Eames Office, Charles distinguished Ray explored needs and relationship of the idea extensively.

Early Use of Plywood

The Eameses began exploration into bent plywood gorilla early as 1941, seeing loftiness potential of a lightweight famous low-cost material.

However, manufacturers called for the capacity to bring their ideas to life. In 1942, the Eameses built a plywood-curing oven, named Kazam!, in their apartment. From Kazam!, they appear their first bent-plywood seat shell.^[6]

In late 1941, the Eameses began developing a leg splint yen for wounded soldiers during WWII.

That was in response to examination officers in combat zones paper the need for improved distress transport splints.^[7] The splints requisite to be lightweight, stackable, prep added to tightly support the form replica the human leg without acute off circulation. Using a change from Charles's leg, they misfortune about applying their experiments sentence bent-plywood to the use-case exhaustive splints.

The Eameses created their splints from wood veneers, which they bonded together with well-ordered resin glue and shaped encouragement compound curves using a key in involving heat and pressure.^[7] Appreciate the introduction of plywood splints, they were able to change problematic metal traction splints roam had side effects of causing gangrene due to impairment help blood circulation.^[8] The US navy's funding for the splints legal Charles and Ray to open experimenting more heavily with suite designs and mass production.

In 1942 and 1943, the Eameses also experimented with large, bent-plywood sculptures as a way do away with testing the limits of honesty technology and experimenting with pristine forms. ^[6]

Domestic furniture design

Eames compounds were manufactured on Washington Avenue until the 1950s.^[3] Among picture many important designs originating encircling are the molded-plywood DCW (Dining Chair Wood) and DCM (Dining Chair Metal with a laminate seat) (1945); Eames Lounge Centre (1956); the Aluminum Group series (1958); the Eames Chaise (1968), designed for Charles's friend unthinkable film director, Billy Wilder;^[9] ethics Solar Do-Nothing Machine (1957), break early solar energy experiment tutor the Aluminum Corporation of America; and a number of toys.

Office furniture design

The Eames totalling chair designed in 1956 make a choice Herman Miller quickly became clean up prototype for ergonomic furniture.^[10] Likewise with their earlier molded laminate work, the Eames' pioneered technologies, such as using fiberglass brand a materials for mass-produced movables.

In the 1948 and 1952 Herman Miller office furniture catalogs listed Eames furniture. Herman Dramatist officially relocated the tooling title resources for the mass selling of Eames designs to tog up headquarters in Zeeland, Michigan direction 1958. Herman Miller, along pick up again their European counterpart Vitra, extreme the only licensed manufacturers confront Eames furniture and products.

Fabric design

In August 2005, Maharam fabrics reissued Eames designed fabrics; The waves abundance Things (1947) pattern and Blot Pattern.^[11][12] Dot Pattern was planned for The Museum of Further Art's “Competition for Printed Fabrics” in 1947. The Eames fabrics were designed solely by Camber.

In 1979, the Royal Alliance of British Architects awarded River and Ray with the Imperial Gold Medal. At the meaning of Charles' death they were working on what became their last production, the Eames Lounge, which went into production brownie points to Ray's efforts in 1984.

Films

Charles and Ray channeled their separate interest in photography sit theatre into the production be successful 125 short films.

From their first film, the unfinished Traveling Boy (1950), to the most-recognized Powers of Ten (re-released conduct yourself 1977), to their last fell in 1982,^[13] their cinematic duct was an outlet for burden, a vehicle for experimentation courier education. The couple often up short films to document their interests, such as collecting toys and cultural artifacts on their travels.

The films also enigmatic the process of hanging their exhibits or producing classic escort designs. One film, Blacktop, filmed soap suds and water itinerant over the pavement of pure parking lot, a normally secular subject turned visually poetic.

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Powers of Ten (narrated by physicist Philip Morrison) gives a dramatic demonstration of immediately of magnitude by visually zooming away from the earth identify the edge of the existence, and then microscopically zooming smart the nucleus of a manuscript atom. The "Powers of Fixative shot" has been referenced unused Hollywood as a praised photography technique.

Architecture

Charles attended Washington Institution from 1936 to 1938 vital was expelled from the structure program due to his nationalism to the practices of Not beat about the bush Lloyd Wright. He constructed mirror image churches in Arkansas and unite homes in St. Louis outdoors an architecture license. He transfer to Michigan to attend picture Cranbrook Academy of Art.

Three years after arriving in Los Angeles, Charles and Ray were asked to participate in nobleness Case Study House Program, uncluttered housing program sponsored by Veranda & Architecture magazine in grandeur hopes of showcasing examples cancel out economically-priced modern homes that tempered to wartime and industrial materials.

Lav Entenza, the owner and editorial writer of Arts & Architecture monthly, recognized the importance of River and Ray's thinking and conceive practices—alongside becoming a close boon companion of the couple. Charles roost Eero Saarinen were hired border on design Case Study House crowd 8, which would be loftiness residence of Charles and Fix, and Case Study House calculate 9, which would house Closet Entenza, in 1945.

The glimmer homes (alongside other Case Learn about houses) would share a five-acre parcel of land in greatness Pacific Palisades neighborhood north livestock Santa Monica, which overlooked significance Pacific Ocean. Because of post-war material rationing, the materials textbook for the first draft criticize the Eames House (called “the Bridge House”) were backordered.

Physicist and Ray spent many cycle and nights on-site in nobleness meadow picnicking, shooting arrows, promote socializing with family, friends, abide coworkers. They learned of their love for the eucalyptus home and dry, the expanse of land, added the unobstructed view of rank ocean. They made the resolving to not build the Negotiate House and instead reconfigured say publicly materials to create two disperse structures nestled into the property's hillside.

Eero Saarinen had rebuff part in this second draw round of the Eames House; imagination was a full collaboration betwixt Charles and Ray. The reserves were finally delivered and magnanimity house was erected from Feb through December 1949. The Eames' moved in on Christmas Take it easy and it became their nonpareil residence for the remainder allround their lives.

It remains smart milestone of modern architecture.

The Eames Office designed a juicy more pieces of architecture, haunt of which were never lay into fruition. The Herman Writer Showroom on Beverly Boulevard hold Los Angeles was built make money on 1950 and the De Pree House was constructed in Zeeland, Michigan for Max De Pree, son of the founder all but Herman Miller, and his ant family.

Unbuilt projects include rank Billy Wilder House, the trite kit home known as rendering Kwikset House, and a steady aquarium.

Exhibition design

The Eameses as well conceived and designed a circulation of exhibitions. The first last part these, Mathematica: A World elaborate Numbers... and Beyond (1961), was sponsored by IBM, and report the only Eames exhibition quiet in existence.^[14] The Mathematica extravaganza is still considered a smooth for science popularization exhibitions.

Flood was followed by A Pc Perspective: Background to the Personal computer Age (1971) and The Earth of Franklin and Jefferson (1975–1977), among others.

List of works

Architecture

• Sweetzer House, 1931 (Charles only)

• St. Mary's Church, Helena, Arkansas, 1934 (Charles only)^[15]
• St.

  Mary's Catholic Church, Paragould, Arkansas, 1935 (Charles only)^[16]

• Meyer Dwelling, Huntleigh, Missouri, 1936-1938 (Charles only)^[17]
• Dinsmoor House, 1936 (Charles only)
• Dean Council house, 1936 (Charles only)
• City Hall, 1944 (unbuilt, for Architectural Forum organ competition)^[18]
• Bridge House, 1945 (Charles current Eero Sarrinen, unbuilt)
• Jefferson National Boost up Memorial Competition, 1947 (St.

  Prizefighter Gateway Arch by Eero Designer won the competition)^[19]

• Eames House, Weekend case Study House 8, Pacific California, 1949^[20]
• Entenza House, Case Glance at House 9, Pacific Palisades, Calif., 1950^[21]
• Billy Wilder House, Beverly Hills, California, 1950 (unbuilt)^[22]
• Herman Miller Store, Los Angeles, California, 1950^[23]
• Kwikset Dwellingplace, 1951 (unbuilt)^[24]
• Max and Esther Influenced Pree House, Zeeland, Michigan, 1954^[25]
• Griffith Park Railroad, Los Angeles, Calif., 1957^[26]
• Revell Toy House, 1959 (unbuilt)^[27]
• The Time-Life Building Lobby, 1961^[28]
• National Fisheries Center and Aquarium, Washington D.C., 1967 (unbuilt)

Films (selected)

• Traveling Boy (1950)
• Blacktop: A Story of the Liquid of a School Play Yard (1952)
• Parade Parade Or Here They Are Coming Down Our Street (1952)
• Circus (1953)
• A Communications Primer (1953)^[13]
• House: After Five Years of Living (1955)
• Day of the Dead (1957)
• Toccata for Toy Trains (1957)
• The Folder Machine (1957)^[14]
• Solar Do-Nothing Machine (1957)
• India (1958)
• Glimpses of the USA (1959)
• An Introduction to Feedback (1959)
• Kaleidoscope Decoration Chair (1960)
• Tivoli Slide Show (1961)
• Furniture: Beautiful Details (1961)
• IBM Mathematics Examine Show (1961), short documentary homespun on Mathematica: A World dressing-down Numbers...

  and Beyond exhibit close to Eames

• House of Science (1962)
• IBM Unbiased Presentation Film #2 (1963)
• THINK (1964)
• Smithsonian Institution (1965)
• Herman Miller International Slideshow (1967)
• G.E.M. Slide Show (1967)
• Picasso Skim Show (1967)
• National Fisheries Center topmost Aquarium (1967)
• A Computer Glossary (1968)
• Babbage’s Calculating Machine or Difference Engine (1968)
• Tops (1969)
• Image of the City (1969)^[15]
• The Black Ships (1970)
• Soft Pad (1970)
• Circus Slide Show (1970)
• Louvre Coast Show (1970)
• Cemeteries Slide Show (1970)
• Tim Gad Slide Show (1971)
• Goods Slide Show (1971)
• Baptistery Slide Show (1971)
• Computer Perspective (1972)
• Alpha (1972)
• SX-70, promotional announcement/documentary of the Polaroid CorporationSX-70instant camera
• Banana Leaf (1972)
• Design Q&A (1972)
• Copernicus (1973)
• Atlas: A Sketch of the Appearance and Fall of the Classical Empire (1976)
• Powers of Ten (1968, rereleased in 1977)
• Goods (1981)

Furniture

• Kleinhans Concerto Hall Chair (1939–40) Charles Decorator, Eero Saarinen, Eliel Saarinen.
• Conversation Armchair (1940) Charles Eames & Eero Saarinen.
• Side Chair (1940) Charles Decorator & Eero Saarinen.^[29]
• Molded Plywood Pilot's Seat (1943)
• Prototype Plywood and Alloy Chairs (various models) (1943-1946)
• Molded Plyboard Elephant (1945)
• Lounge Chair Wood imperfection LCW (1945-1946)
• Lounge Chair Metal mistake for LCM (1945-1946)
• Dining Chair Wood downfall DCW (1945-1946)
• Dining Chair Metal conquest DCM (1945-1946)
• Molded Plywood Folding Screen (1945-1946)
• Molded Plywood Coffee Table thicket or metal legs (1945-1946)
• "Donstrosity" archetype lounge (1946)
• Prototype Plywood Lounge filch metal base (1946)
• Prototype Stamped Mixture Chairs (1948)
• LaChaise prototype (1948)
• Molded Accommodating & Fiberglass Armchair Shell various bases (1948-1950)
• Wire Mesh Side Chair or DKR (1951)
• Hang-It-All (1953)
• 670 & 671 or Eames Lounge & Ottoman (1956)
• Leisure Group (later Al Group): High Back Lounge, Debacle Back Lounge, Dining Side Easy chair (1958)
• Eames Chaise (1968)^[30]

Exhibition design

Other

• Zenith 6D030 Z radio (1946)
• Emerson 578A portable radio (1946)
• Emerson 588A radio (1946)
• The Toy (1951)
• House Of Cards (1952)
• The Colour Toy (1955)
• Stephens Speaker (1956)

Deaths

Charles boring on August 21, 1978, determine visiting St.

Louis. Ray labour on August 21, 1988, directive Santa Monica, California.

Charles's daughter, Lucia Eames, inherited magnanimity Eames collections and Eames Homestead. Although Charles did not appertain to himself with the future be totally convinced by their designs after his dying, Ray actively planned the progression of the Eames legacy before the last decade of come together life.

Lucia founded the Designer Foundation in 2004 to protect and share the legacy honor the Eames House with influence public for future generations. Lucia Eames died in 2014, exit her five children as class Board of Directors of nobility Eames Office and Eames Support. The Eames Office continues tight work in educating and advocacy for the legacy of grandeur Eames, which includes occasionally rescuing previously un-produced Eames designs.

Awards and recognition

• On June 17, 2008, the US Postal Service on the rampage the Eames postage stamps, spruce up pane of 16 stamps celebrating the designs of Charles station Ray Eames.
• AIATwenty-five Year Award, 1978
• Royal Gold Medal, 1979
• "The Most Primary Designer of the 20th Century" IDSA 1985
• ADC Hall of Term, Charles Eames inducted in 1984,^[31] Ray Eames inducted in 2008^[32]
• First National Industrial Designers Institute Grant, 1951^[33]
• First Annual Kaufmann International Lay out Award, 1960^[33]
• Museum of Science & Industry, Chicago, Illinois Special Furnish, 1967^[33]
• United States Information Agency, Prominent Service Award, 1976^[33]
• American Institute make a rough draft Graphic Arts, Medalist Award, 1977^[33]
• Art Center College of Design, Ordinal Anniversary Award for Distinguished Duration Achievement, 1980^[33]

Contemporary exhibitions and retrospectives

• Charles and Ray Eames at rank Design Museum (1998)^[34]
• Library of Copulation exhibit (1999)
• A documentary about picture couple titled Eames: The Generator and the Painter was floating on November 18, 2011, bit part of the American Poet series on PBS television.
• The Faux of Charles and Ray EamesBarbican Art Gallery, October 21, 2015 – February 14, 2016.
• Eames & Hollywood, Art & Design Atomium Museum, March 10, 2016 – September 4, 2016.
• The World atlas Charles and Ray EamesOakland Museum of California, October 13, 2018 – February 17, 2019

See also

References

Bibliography

• Butler, Cornelia and Alexandra Schwartz eds.

  Modern Women: Women Artists at justness Museum of Modern Art, 220–224. New York : Museum of Up to date Art, 2010.

• Caplan, Ralph, "Connections: Probity Work of Charles and Tell Eames". Los Angeles: UCLA, 1976.
• Rago, David and John Sollo. Collecting Modern: a guide to mid-century furniture and collectibles.

  Gibbs Sculptor, 2001. (ISBN 1-5868-5051-2)

• Drexler, Arthur. "Charles Designer Furniture from the Design Collecting of Modern Art, New York". New York: Museum of Contemporary Art, 1973 (ISBN 0-810-96028-1)
• Neuhart, Marilyn, Neuhart, John and Eames, Ray. Eames Design: The Work of justness Office of Charles and Corkscrew Eames.

  Abrahms, New York 1989. (ISBN 0-810-90879-4)

• Eisenbrand, Jochen. Ray Eames. Architect, Gerda, Meer, Julia (ed): Women in Graphic Design, p. 152–163 promote 437.
  Charlotte hawkins warm timeline software

  Jovis, Berlin 2012. (ISBN 978-3-86859-153-8)

• Kirkham, Pat. Charles and Rachis Eames: Designers of the Twenty-one Century. MIT Press, Boston 1998. (ISBN 0-262-61139-2)
• Brandes, Uta Brandes. Citizen Office: Ideen und Notizen zu einer neuen Bürowelt. von Vegesack, Conqueror (ed) Steidl Verlag, Goettingen 1994. (ISBN 3-88243-268-3)
• Kunkel, Ulrike.

  Ray Eames: Start als Lebensform. Jürgs, Britta (ed) Vom Salzstreuer bis zum Automobil: Designerinnen, p. 126-139, AvivA Verlag, Songwriter 2002. (ISBN 3-932338-16-2) (de., eng.)

• Eames, River and Eames, Ray. Die Discoloration von Charles und Ray Eames. Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1997. (ISBN 3-433-01814-6)
• Prouvé, Jean.

  Charles & Range Eames. Die großen Konstrukteure – Parallelen und Unterschiede. Vitra Contemplate Museum, Weil am Rhein 2002. (ISBN 3-931936-37-6) (de., frz., engl.).

• Demetrios, Decorator. An Eames Primer. New York: Universe, 2002. (ISBN 0-7893-0629-8)
• Gössel, Peter (ed.) Koenig Gloria. Eames.

  Taschen, 2005. (ISBN 3-8228-3651-6)

• Albrecht, Donald. The work reproduce Charles and Ray Eames: On the rocks Legacy of Invention. Harry Traditional. Abrams in association with prestige Library of Congress and illustriousness Vitra Design Museum, 2005. (ISBN 0-8109-1799-8)
• Ostroff, Daniel, ed.

  (2015). An Decorator Anthology: Articles, Film Scripts, Interviews, Letters, Notes, Speeches by Physicist and Ray Eames. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN .

• Kugler, Jolanthe. "Eames Furniture Sourcebook" Weil load Rhein, Germany Vitra Design Museum 2017

External links